Cells
Genetics
Evolution
Metabolism
Miscellaneous
100
Which of the following is true of both mitochondria and chloroplasts? (A) They are found in the cells of eukaryotic autotrophs and heterotrophs. (B) They include stacks of membranes that absorb light. (C) They include compartments where hydrogen ions are concentrated. (D) They produce sugars using energy harvested in the cytoplasm. (E) They break down sugar to produce ATP.
What is (C) They include compartments where hydrogen ions are concentrated
100
In a species that has five different alleles for a gene at a particular locus, how many different alleles may be present in the somatic cells of one diploid individual? (A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Four (E) Five
What is (B) Two?
100
The functional similarity of the mandibles (hinged jaws) of insects and those of mammals is an example of (A) homology (B) analogy (C) divergent evolution (D) adaptive radiation (E) punctuated equilibrium
What is (B) analogy
100
In mammals, which of the following substances is produced in a muscle that operates anaerobically? (A) Acetyl CoA (B) Citrate (C) NADPH (D) Lactate (E) Oxygen
What is (D) Lactate
100
Birds associating the bright colors of certain butterflies with an unpleasant taste is an example of (A) instinct (B) habituation (C) imprinting (D) insight learning (E) trial-and-error learning
What is (E) trial-and-error learning
200
If red blood cells cultured in an isotonic medium are placed in distilled water, they will most likely (A) remain unchanged (B) shrivel (C) swell and lyse (D) divide (E) become dormant
What is (C) swell and lyse?
200
AaBb
What is (D) 9
200
All of the following statements concerning the theory of evolution by natural selection are true EXCEPT: (A) Organisms produce far more offspring than are required for replacement. (B) The individuals in a population show variation in survivability and in their ability to cope with environmental stress. (C) The number of offspring that survive to reproduce varies among individuals. (D) The bodies of organisms in a population change by use and disuse, and the changes are inherited by the next generation. (E) Some of the variation in adaptation is the result of genetic differences that may be passed on to the next generation.
What is (D) The bodies of organisms in a population change by use and disuse, and the changes are inherited by the next generation.
200
Which of the following best describes allosteric inhibition of an enzyme? (A) The inhibitor binds to the mRNA to prevent translation of the enzyme. (B) The inhibitor binds to the enzyme substrate. (C) The inhibitor binds to the enzyme but not at its active site. (D) The inhibitor binds to the enzyme at its active site. (E) The inhibitor binds to the gene that encodes for the enzyme.
What is (C) The inhibitor binds to the enzyme but not at its active site.
200
The tertiary structure and function of a polypeptide is principally determined by the (A) length of the polypeptide (B) number of nucleotides present in the polypeptide (C) repeated units of glycerol making up the polypeptide (D) interactions between amino acids present in the polypeptide (E) number of introns within the polypeptide
What is (D) interactions between amino acids present in the polypeptide
300
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes prokaryotic organisms from eukaryotic organisms? (A) Prokaryotes are unicellular, while all eukaryotes are multicellular. (B) Prokaryotes are aquatic, while eukaryotes are terrestrial. (C) Prokaryotes are structurally less complex than eukaryotes are. (D) Prokaryotes require a host to replicate, while eukaryotes do not. (E) Prokaryotes lack a cell membrane, while eukaryotes do not.
What is (C) Prokaryotes are structurally less complex than eukaryotes are.
300
Milk kept past the expiration date often spoils, tastes sour, and develops stringy curds. This can be explained by which of the following? (A) Fermentation produces ethanol and fibrous by-products. (B) Yeasts form citric acid, which causes the yeast cells to form long chains. (C) Bacteria produce lactic acid, which lowers the pH and denatures the milk proteins. (D) The Krebs cycle is converted to the Calvin cycle. (E) The production of fatty acid raises the temperature and polymerizes lactose.
What is (C) Bacteria produce lactic acid, which lowers the pH and denatures the milk proteins.
300
The best evidence that the giant panda is more closely related to bears than is the raccoonlike lesser panda involves (A) comparative anatomy (B) comparative embryology (C) DNA sequence comparisons (D) behavioral similarities (E) fossil records
What is (C) DNA sequence comparisons
300
A scientist studying the oxygen concentration in sealed chambers containing cultured plant cells finds that when the chambers are illuminated, the concentration of oxygen increases. However, when the chambers are kept in the dark, the concentration of oxygen decreases. Why does the oxygen concentration decrease when the chamber is kept in the dark? (A) Plant cell mitochondria consume oxygen by aerobic respiration. (B) Plant cell chloroplasts run the photosynthetic pathways backward to consume oxygen. (C) Plant cell chloroplasts switch their structure and function and become mitochondria. (D) The chambers must not be properly sealed, so that oxygen is leaking out. (E) The cultures in the chambers must be contaminated with some animal cells, since only animal cells consume oxygen.
What is (A) Plant cell mitochondria consume oxygen by aerobic respiration.
300
Which of the following structures contains highly oxygenated blood? (A) Vena cava (B) Right ventricle (C) Pulmonary artery (D) Pulmonary vein (E) Jugular vein
What is (D) Pulmonary vein
400
Which of the following organelles is correctly matched with its function? (A) Lysosome . . lipid hydrolysis (B) Nucleolus . . protein synthesis (C) Ribosome . . carbohydrate synthesis (D) Mitochondrion . . Calvin cycle (E) Endoplasmic reticulum . . transcription
What is (A) Lysosome . . lipid hydrolysis
400
If a population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following can be predicted for the recessive alleles in the population? (A) They will eventually disappear. (B) They will be selected against. (C) They will be maintained at the same frequency. (D) They will be expressed in the heterozygous condition. (E) They will become dominant.
What is (C) They will be maintained at the same frequency.
400
Which of the following pairs of plants are most closely related? I. Broad bean (Vicia faba) II. Soybean (Glycine max) III. Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) IV. Barley (Hordeum vulgaris) V. Scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) (A) I and II (B) I and III (C) II and III (D) III and IV (E) III and V
What is (E) III and V
400
Metabolism of which of the following molecules results in the greatest net usable energy per gram? (A) A triglyceride (B) A tripeptide (C) An alpha-linked disaccharide (D) A beta-linked disaccharide (E) An anabolic steroid
What is (A) A triglyceride
400
An important role of soil microbes in biological systems is the (A) recycling of matter (B) creation of biomass (C) causing of disease (D) production of energy (E) degradation of energy
What is (A) recycling of matter
500
A protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported to the plasma membrane. Which of the following summarizes the protein’s pathway in the cell? (A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is (E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
500
Which of the following immune system cells is most severely depleted by HIV/AIDS ? (A) Plasma B cells (B) Memory B cells (C) Helper T cells (D) Cytotoxic (“Killer”) T cells (E) Memory T cells
What is (C) Helper T cells
500
A large assemblage of land snails is subdivided into two populations (A and B) by a river that effectively isolates the two populations for an indefinitely long period. From an evolutionary standpoint, which of the following is the LEAST likely to occur in the two populations? (A) Populations A and B will eventually differ in their ecological requirements. (B) Population A may ultimately breed at a different time of the year than population B does. (C) Population A may undergo instantaneous speciation by the doubling of its chromosome numbers (polyploidy). (D) Under laboratory conditions, crossfertilizations between members of the two populations may be successful even after a long period of geographical separation. (E) The two populations may become morphologically very dissimilar.
What is (C) Population A may undergo instantaneous speciation by the doubling of its chromosome numbers (polyploidy).
500
Production of ATP occurs in all of the following processes EXCEPT (A) glycolysis (B) Krebs cycle (C) electron transport system and chemiosmosis (D) light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis (E) light-independent reactions of photosynthesis
What is (E) light-independent reactions of photosynthesis
500
The primary producers of the deep sea communities associated with hot water vents are (A) plants (B) tube worms (C) photosynthetic algae (D) cyanobacteria (E) chemoautotrophic bacteria
What is (D) cyanobacteria
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