Organization
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
cognition
The ability to produce new and valuable ideas
creativity
A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
mental set
the way an issue is posed; how an issue is worded can significantly affect decisions and judgments
framing
What is the ability to acquire knowledge or make decisions instantly without conscious reasoning?
ex: we all have gut feelings
Intuition
a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
concept
cognitive processes that allow individuals to generate, organize, plan, and carry out goal-directed behaviors and experience critical thinking.
executive functions
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
availability heuristic
In cognition, what is the inability to see a problem from a new perspective?
Fixation
A sudden realization of a problem's solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions
Insight
in cognitive and developmental psychology, when new information is incorporated into an already existing cognitive structure or schema
assimilation
Narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution
convergent thinking
a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
algorithm
clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
belief perseverance
What is the tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs/judgments and be more confident than correct?
overconfidence
in cognitive and developmental psychology, adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
accommodation
expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions
divergent thinking
a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also error prone
heuristic
What is the tendency to continue a course of action in which one has already invested money, time, or effort known as?
Sunk-cost fallacy
What is the tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence?
confirmation bias
A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories.
prototype
Sternberg has proposed that creativity has five components...what are they?
expertise, imaginative thinking skills; a venturesome personality; intrinsic motivation; and a creative environment
estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information
representativeness heuristic
a failure to recognize the independence of chance events, leading to the mistaken belief that one can predict the outcome of a chance event on the basis of the outcomes of past chance events
Gambler’s fallacy
What is the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one’s perception, memory, or response?
priming