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Deep Processing
Similar to elaboratiave rehearsal; connecting semantics of a new word to LTM which builds a strong memory trace that is resistant to memory decay.
Anterograde Amnesia
An inability to form new memories
George Miller
Found that short term memory has the capacity of about 7 (+/- 2) items.
Retrieval Failure
the inability to recall long-term memories because of inadequate or missing retrieval cues
Semantic Memory
a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world (fact memories)
Shallow Processing
Phonetic memory building which leads to a fragile memory trace that is susceptible to rapid decay. (Focusing on how to say the word).
Retrograde Amnesia
loss of memory from the point of some injury or trauma backwards, or loss of memory for the past
Motivated Forgetting
forgetting that occurs when something is so painful or anxiety-laden that remembering it is intolerable
Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
A model for describing memory in which there are three distinguishable kinds of memory (sensory, short term, long term) through which info passes in a sequential way as it is processed.
Distributed Practice
spacing the study of material to be remembered by including breaks between study periods
Cerebellum
Brain part that stores implicit memories.
Elizabeth Loftus
Her research on memory construction and the misinformation effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony
Primacy Effect
tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well
Recency Effect
tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well
Deja Vu
that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.
State-dependent memory
Long-term memory retrieval is best when a person's physiological state at the time of encoding and retrieval of the information is the same.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
the first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
Context dependent memory
The theory that information learned in a particular situation or place is better remembered when in that same situation or place.
George Sperling
Psychologist associated with early research into the capacity of sensory memory.