Biopharmaceutical
This class of medication is primarily used to treat depression by affecting neutrotransmitter levels in the brain.
What are antidepressants?
In this psychodynamic technique, patients are encouraged to say whatever comes to mind without censorship, helping the therapist access the unconscious.
What is free association?
Carl Rogers developed this form of humanistic therapy, which centers on creating a safe, empathetic environment where the client guides the direction of treatment.
What is person-centered therapy?
In this behavioral technique, a therapist pairs an unwanted behavior with an unpleasant stimulus in order to reduce or eliminate the behavior.
What is aversion therapy?
The APA's ethical principles include nonmaleficence, fidelity, integrity, and this fourth standard which requires therapists to honor the fundamental worth of every client.
What is respect for people's rights and dignity?
This mood-stabilizing element on the periodic table is the go-to medication for bipolar disorder and helps prevent manic episodes.
What is lithium?
This psychodynamic technique involves the therapist interpreting the latent content of a patient's nightly visions to uncover unconscious conflicts.
What is dream analysis?
This key skill used by humanistic therapists involves carefully and empathetically attending to what the client says and reflecting it back without judgment.
What is active listening?
This technique, central to CBT, involves identifying and challenging distorted or irrational thought patterns and replacing them with more accurate ones.
What is cognitive restructuring?
This non-invasive brain stimulation technique uses magnetic fields to treat depression and is often considered when medications have failed.
What is TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)?
These medications reduce symptoms of anxiety and work by calming overactive neural circuits, but carry a risk of dependence.
What are antianxiety medications?
Freud used this broad term to describe the various techniques he developed for exploring the unconscious mind, resolving internal conflicts, and treating neurosis.
What are psychodynamic therapy techniques?
Rogers believed therapists should offer this accepting and supporting a client completely regardless of what they say or do as a core condition for therapeutic growth.
What is unconditional positive regard?
Aaron Beck identified this cluster of three negative thinking patterns. The self, the world, and the future are hallmarks of depression.
What is the cognitive triad?
This radical neurosurgical procedure, now largely abandoned, severed connections in the prefrontal cortex and was once used to treat severe psychiatric disorders.
What is a lobotomy?
A serious long-term side effect of antipsychotic medications, this condition causes involuntary, repetitive body movements, especially in the face.
What is tardive dyskinesia?
This historic policy moved patients out of large state psychiatric hospitals and into community-based mental health care settings.
What is deinsitutionalization?
Humanistic therapy emphasizes this broader term that encompasses both individual sessions and settings where multiple clients share experiences and support one another.
What is group/individual therapy?
Used in treating phobias, this technique involves creating a ranked list of anxiety-provoking stimuli from least to most frightening as a first step in treatment.
What are fear hierarchies?
This behavioral technique uses a classroom economy where patients earn symbolic rewards for desired behaviors, which can later be exchanged for privileges.
What is a token economy?
These powerful drugs reduce symptoms of schizophrenia and psychosis by blocking dopamine receptors, but are associated with significant side effects.
What are antipsychotic medications?
Hypnosis is effective for managing these two things in therapy, but research doesn't support using it to recover buried memories or regress a patient to earlier life stages.
What are pain and anxiety?
This overarching approach to psychotherapy focuses on personal growth, self-actualization, and the inherent goodness of people, contrasting sharply with both psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
What is humanistic therapy?
This comprehensive behavioral intervention is used widely with individuals with autism. It uses reinforcement to systematically build skills and reduce problematic behaviors.
What is applied behavior analysis?
This procedure sends electrical currents through the brain under anesthesia and remains one of the most effective treatments for severe, treatment-resistant depression.
What is ECT (electroconvulsive therapy)?