The Endocrine System
The endocrine system is a system of glands that secrete
Hormones
Made up of the brain and the spine.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Neurons transmit messages when stimulated by signals from our senses or neighboring neurons in a process called.
neural transmission
4 major lobes of the brain
Frontal Temporal Parietal Occipital
NREM 1 2 3 & REM
The part of the brain that governs the endocrine system. It also controls the pituitary gland.
Hypothalamus
Nerve networks outside of the CNS.
Peripheral NS
___________are chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between neurons and are gathered by dendrites of a new neuron, continuing the communication process.
Neurotransmitters
The thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala also make up the “_________”, a set of brain structures involved in emotion.
Limbic System
______________ is the process of transforming stimulus energies (signals from the environment such as sights, sounds, smells) into neural impulses (electrical signals within sensory neurons)
Sensory transduction
This "master gland" helps regulate all other glands in the body.
Pituitary Gland
The 2 subdivisions of the peripheral ns.
Somatic and Autonomic
Neurotransmitters can be classified as _________ (increasing the likelihood that the neuron will fire) or __________ (decreasing the likelihood that the neuron will fire).
Excitatory or Inhibitory
The___________ sits on top of the brain stem. It receives sensory signals from the spinal cord and sends them to the appropriate areas in the rest of the forebrain.
Thalamus
Types of photoreceptors in the eye
Rods and Cones
The pituitary gland also secretes ---------- which plays a role in childbirth, nursing, sexual attraction, and pair bonding.
Oxytocin
The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system allows voluntary movement and muscle control.
Somatic
_________ is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a role in sleep and the regulation of anxiety. It also contributes to vision and motor control.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
The ________(left frontal lobe) is associated with speech production. The __________a (left temporal lobe) is associated with speech comprehension.
Broca’s area
Wernicke’s
There are two main theories about how we perceive pitch. The ________ states that hair cells in the cochlea respond to different frequencies of sound based on where they are located (this theory best explains high frequencies, but not low frequencies).
Place theory
The ______, located just above the kidneys, release adrenaline and cortisol into the bloodstream.
Adrenal
The two subdivisions of the autonomic ns AS WELL AS THEIR FUNCTIONS.
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Stress and Calming
Whereas
_________inhibit the transmission of pain signals and promote feelings of pleasure.
__________ plays an important role in alertness and is involved in the body's stress response (fight or flight).
Endorphins
Norepinephrine
______________ is the brain's ability to move functions from a damaged area of the brain to other undamaged areas._____________ is the brain's ability to actually change its physical structure as a result of learning. Research has shown that dendrites grow throughout our lives and most quickly in younger children.
Functional plasticity
Structural plasticity
_____________is our awareness of balance and spatial orientation (speed/direction).
_______________ is our awareness of the position and orientation of specific body parts.
Vestibular sense
Kinesthetic sense