Do you remember?
Cognitive Psych
Motivation & Emotion
Personality
Surprise Psychology
100
a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
What is working memory?
100
refers to the finding that two or more learning opportunities that are spaced apart, or distributed, in time produce better learning than the same opportunities that occur in close succession.
What is the spacing effect (aka distributed practice)?
100
a social group or culture's informal norms about how to appropriately express emotions
What are display rules?
100
When you believe you control your successes or failures
What is an internal locus of control?
100
motivation that is driven by internal rewards (autonomy, mastery, purpose)
What is intrinsic motivation?
200
the tendency to retrieve memories that correspond with the same physiological state of consciousness (i.e. awake, asleep, caffeinated, drunk, or high) as when the memory was originally formed
What is state-dependent memory?
200
newer (recent) memories interfere with the retrieval of older memories
What is retroactive interference?
200
Suggests that the physical & psychological experience of emotion happen at the same time and that one does not cause the other
What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?
200
in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
What are defense mechanisms?
200
the minimum required difference between two stimuli for a person to notice change 50% of the time
What is difference threshold?
300
our tendency to recall best the last (recency effect) and first (primacy effect) items in a list
What is the serial position effect?
300
a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
What is confirmation bias?
300
The physiological arousal occurs first, and then the individual must identify the reason for this arousal to experience and label it as an emotion
What is the Schachter-Singer Two-Factory theory of emotion?
300
a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
What is unconditional positive regard?
300
the tendency to continue believing something even after evidence supporting it has been contradicted
What is belief perseverance?
400
explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of our two conscious memory systems
What is episodic memory?
400
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common
What is the availability heuristic?
400
being rewarded for doing something actually diminishes intrinsic motivation to perform that action
What is the over-justification effect?
400
model of personality traits that describe five basic trait dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (memory trick: CANOE or OCEAN)
What is the Big 5?
400
A research design conducted at a single point in time, comparing groups of differing ages to arrive at conclusions about development
What is a cross-sectional study?
500
occurs when misleading information has distorted one's memory of an event (researched by Elizabeth Loftus)
What is the misinformation effect?
500
faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined
What is source amnesia?
500
the stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) where the body resists stress by coping with the stressor. Characterized by sustained sympathetic nervous system activation (flight or flight mode).
What is the resistance stage of GAS?
500
one's sense of competence and effectiveness
What is self-efficacy?
500
This guy.
What is a homunculus?