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The mistaken belief that a random event is more likely to occur in the future simply because the opposite outcome has happened repeatedly in the past
What is gambler's fallacy?
Emotional distress seen in infants when they are introduced to people they don't know
What is stranger anxiety?
Conducted the "line experiment" to measure the extent of conformity in a group setting
Who is Solomon Asch?
The three stages of general adaptation syndrome (in order)
What is alarm, resistance, and exhaustion?
Conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment
Who is Philip Zimbardo?
This is the fear of being in open spaces, a crowd, or using public transportation
What is agorophobia?
On the first day of school your AP Psych teacher yelled at the class and acted angrily to the class. You now have concluded your teacher is a mean person. When you made this conclusion, you have fallen victim to this
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use
What is functional fixedness?
The drive reduction theory states that humans strive to maintain _____________, which is a steady internal state
What is homeostasis?
Believed conditional love/positive regard promotes incongruence of one's self-concept
Who is Carl Rogers?
The decision-making component of personality that seeks to delay gratification of urges until appropriate (according to Freud)
What is the ego?
Proposed 4 stages of cognitive development
Who is Jean Piaget?
Disorder in which a person alternates between depression and intense moments of mania
What is bipolar?
The most important factor contributing to the bystander effect
What is diffusion of responsibility?
This method of problem solving usually guarantees solving a problem because the process is methodical, step-by-step, and time consuming
What is an algorithm?
The period of time in our development that is vital for learning language, skills, and social behaviors
What is critical period?
Conducted "A Strange Experiment" to study infant-mother attachment patterns
Who is Mary Ainsworth?
This is the idea that facial expressions can fuel emotional responses
What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
Conducted an experiment that paired a bell with meat to make a dog salivate
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
An excess of this neurotransmitter is linked to schizophrenia
What is dopamine?
This is caused when there's a disconnect between the belief that smoking causes cancer and the behavior of smoking 2 packs a day
What is cognitive dissonance?
Increased schooling and more demanding curricula are proposed explanations for this 100+ year trend of higher IQ scores
What is the Flynn effect?
This earliest stage of cognitive development occurs up to the age of 2 and at this stage infants do not have object permanence
What is sensorimotor stage?
Proposed general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Who is Hans Selye?
A student who doesn't trust Mr. Heidegger instead believes Mr. Heidegger doesn't trust him (defense mech)
What is projection?
His/her studies of infant monkeys showed the importance of contact comfort in forming attachments
Who is Harry Harlow?
Type of therapy that challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions
What is rational emotive behavior therapy?
A mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
What is groupthink?
Our tendency. to approach a problem from the mindset of what has worked for us previously
What is mental set?
The 5th stage of psychosocial development takes place from our teens to early 20s
What is identity vs. role confusion?
He created the 8 stages of psychosocial development
Who is Erik Erikson?
This notion suggests that a moderate level of arousal (not too much, not too little) leads to optimal performance
What is Yerkes-Dodson Law OR the inverted-U hypothesis?
She was isolated for the first 13 years of her life and finally discovered in the early 1970s
Who is Genie?
Type of therapy that treats people by exposing them (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid
What is exposure therapy?
This is the percentage of subjects that administered shocks at 450 volts in Stanley Milgram's experiment
What is 65%?