Multi-Store Model
These are the two primary subsystems of sensory memory
What are iconic and echoic memory?
A memory technique that helps you store and recall difficult-to-remember information by linking it to something familiar, simple, or structured (ex:PEMDAS or Never Eat Soggy Worms)
What is a mnemonic device?
The simultaneous processing of multiple aspects of a stimulus or problem, allowing for efficient cognitive functioning and perception.
What is parallel processing or dual processing?
The retrieval of previously learned information without the aid of external cues, often tested by fill-in-the-blank or written responses.
What is recall?
Memory loss for events that occurred before a specific event, injury, or trauma.
What is retrograde amnesia?
The conscious repetition of information to encode it for storage, occurring in the working memory.
What is rehearsal?
Organizing information into smaller, more manageable units to improve memory and processing efficiency.
What is chunking?
Processing that includes both structural and phonemic encoding, often leading to minimal encoding or retrieval
What is shallow processing?
The identification of previously encountered information from among alternatives, often tested by multiple-choice or matching tasks.
What is recognition?
misleading information distort memory of an event
In the new model of memory-making, we call the working memory THIS, the component responsible for coordinating and controlling cognitive processes, including attention, planning, and decision-making.
What is the central executive?
Rather than massed practice, in effortful memory-making we should utilize this practice when we space out rehearsal.
What is distributed practice?
This part of the brain is essential for processing memories- forming, organizing, and consolidating explicit memories.
What is the hippocampus?
The process of learning something again more quickly or efficiently after it has been previously learned and forgotten.
What is relearning?
This mathematical model demonstrates the rate of storage decay.
What is the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve?
Making memories involves these three processes.
What is encoding, storage, and retrieval?
A technique involving the visualization of familiar spatial environments to enhance the recall of information.
The process of encoding the meaning or significance of information into memory, leading to better retention and recall.
What is semantic encoding?
The experience of knowing that we know something but being unable to retrieve the information at that moment.
What is the Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon?
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.
What is proactive interference?
A process of strengthening synaptic connections between neurons, believed to be a cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory.
What is long term potentiation?
The culmination of the primary and recency effect.
What is the serial position effect?
Two complementary ways the human brain processes sensory information and builds perception that can be encoded (Hint- think last unit).
What is top-down and bottom-up processing?
The principle that retrieval of information is most effective when the conditions at encoding and retrieval are similar.
What is the Encoding specificity principle?
Faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned
What is source amnesia?