research methods
subjects are UNAWARE of which group they are in
single blind study
the brain and spinal cord are a part of this system
central nervous system
a perception that does not correspond to reality; misinterpretation of sensory stimuli
this psychologist orginally studied the digestive system of dogs, but later discovered the method of classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
a widely held but oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing
stereotype
a measure of the relationship between two or more variables (when researchers are NOT ABLE to manipulate the variables)
correlation
where visual information processing takes place
occipital lobe
a form of selective attention in which you are able to focus on a single-talker among a mixture of conversations and background noises
cocktail-party effect
a schedule of reinforcement in which the interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is different for each trial or event
variable-interval
the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
fundamental-attribution error
measure of the average difference between each of the values in a data set
standard deviation
part of the brain that controls “fight-or-flight”; eating and drinking; sexual functions; body temp.
hypothalamus
structure that protects the eye and bends light towards a central point to provide focus
cornea
this experiement sought to explain that fears/phobias can be explained through classical conditioning
Little Albert experiment
formation of a person’s identity within a group is explained by social categorization, social identity, and social comparison
social identity theory
the ONLY research method that allows researchers to determine cause & effect relationships
experiment
part of the brain devoted to language comprehension and expression
Werknicke's Area
what bones of the ear transmit sounds to the cochlea?
hammer, anvil, stirrup
any event or object that, when following a response, makes that response less likely to happen again
punishment
a paradoxical social phenomenon in which people are less likely to provide needed assistance when they are in groups, as opposed to when they are alone
bystander effect OR diffusion of responsibility
p-value of less than ___ is the common criteria for statistical significance
.05
system of loosely connected structures such as the thalamus and hippocampus
limbic system
analysis that begins with sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information
bottom-up processing
the process by which an organism produces different responses to two similar stimuli
stimulus discrimination
phenomenon that repeated exposure to a stimuli increases our liking for them
mere exposure effect