Research methods
A study that follows the same group of people for a long time and tests them in the same way after a long time
Longitudinal study
His theory suggests that human behavior is influenced by unconscious memories, thoughts, and urges. This theory also proposes that the psyche comprises three aspects: the id, ego, and superego. The id is entirely unconscious, while the ego operates in the conscious mind.
Sigmund Freud
It has a major role in learning and memory.
Hippocampus
is marked by delusions and hallucinations
Schizophrenia
A defense mechanism in which: If a situation is just too much to handle, the person may respond by refusing to perceive it as true
Denial
The ____ variable is the variable you manipulate or vary in an experimental study to explore its effects
Independent variable
Classical conditioning is learning through association and was first demonstrated by _______. He showed that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if that sound was repeatedly presented at the same time that they were given food.
Ivan Pavlov
a key component of a complex speech network, interacting with the flow of sensory information from the temporal cortex, devising a plan for speaking and passing that plan along to the motor cortex, which controls the movements of the mouth
Broca's area
is defined by manic episodes that last for at least 7 days (nearly every day for most of the day) or by manic symptoms that are so severe that the person needs immediate medical care. Usually, depressive episodes occur as well, typically lasting at least 2 weeks.
Bipolar I
A defense mechanism in which the ego reverts to an earlier stage of development usually in response to stressful situations. A child may begin to suck their thumb again or wet the bed when they need to spend some time in the hospital.
Regression
Describe Causation vs. correlation and provide an example
"Correlation is not causation" means that just because two things correlate does not necessarily mean that one causes the other. As a seasonal example, just because people in the UK tend to spend more in the shops when it's cold and less when it's hot doesn't mean cold weather causes frenzied high-street spending.
_____was the first to make a systematic study of the acquisition of understanding in children. He is thought by many to have been the major figure in 20th-century developmental psychology.
Jean Piaget
the primary communication region of the brain consisting of white matter tracts that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres
corpus callosum
Symptoms include intrusive thoughts, rituals, anxiety, excessive concern over one's identity, perfectionism, concern with contamination and being unclean
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
A defense mechanism in which you attribute your feelings as being someone else's feelings. For instance, you might hate someone, but your superego tells you that such hatred is unacceptable. You can ‘solve’ the problem by believing that they hate you.
Projection
How is an experiment different from a case study?
Experimental research involves comparisons of variables under manipulated conditions.
The Behavioral Psychologist ________ proposed a learning theory states that a person is exposed to a stimulus, which evokes a response, and then the response is reinforced (stimulus creates response, and then reinforcement). This finally leads to the human behavior conditioning.
B.F. Skinner
best known as the part of the brain that drives the so-called “fight or flight” response. While it is often associated with the body’s fear and stress responses, it also plays a pivotal role in memory.
Amygdala
a mental health condition in which people have an unreasonably high sense of their own importance. They need and seek too much attention and want people to admire them. People with this disorder may lack the ability to understand or care about the feelings of others.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
A defense mechanism in which negative impulses are targeted at an object or person who did not cause the frustration. Someone who is frustrated by his or her superiors may go home and kick the dog.
Displacement
The _____ is the average amount of variability in your dataset. It tells you, on average, how far each value lies from the mean.
standard deviation
an American psychologist who became the first female president of the American Psychological Association.
Mary Whiton Calkins
called the "master" gland of the endocrine system because it controls the functions of many of the other endocrine glands. The ___ gland is no larger than a pea, and is located at the base of the brain.
Pituitary gland
Symptoms of this personality disorder include:
Fear of abandonment. Unstable relationships. Unclear or shifting self-image. Impulsive, self-destructive behaviors. Self-harm. Extreme emotional swings. Chronic feelings of emptiness
Borderline Personality Disorder, ALSO MAY BE CALLED emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD)
_______is the expression of the content of consciousness without censorship as an aid in gaining access to unconscious processes. Rorschach inkblot images may be used.
free association