Definitions
What does it mean to introspect?
look inside yourself to describe your experiences to stimuli presented
Mark thinks that people are genetically predisposed to dislike bitter-tasting foods because this has enhanced human survival. His belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.
evolutionary
Wilhelm Wundt
- founder of psychology
- a strong believer in studying human behavior and mental processes separately from biological processes
What three factors influence behavior & mental processes?
Brain, heredity, environment
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)
Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's angry outbursts against her result from his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband's behavior from a(n) ________ perspective.
psychodynamic/psychoanalytic
Carl Rogers
- the guy behind humanism
Compare structuralism to functionalism.
an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind VS a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive and flourish
What is humanism?
historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth
Mr. Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Mr. Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.
biological
Edward B. Titchener
- made structuralism popular
- developed the idea of studying psychology by breaking conscious thought into structures, or the building blocks of experience
- methods of study relied heavily on introspection
What was the Marshmallow test? What school of thought is it associated with?
children marshmallow eat behaviorism
What is behaviorism?
the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes.
Dr. Kozak has concluded that the unusually low incidence of alcohol dependence among citizens of a small African country can be attributed to strong fundamentalist religious influences in that region. This belief best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.
social-cultural
William James
- created functionalism
- studied how humans use perception to function in our environment
Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?
clinical psych
What is the evolutionary school of thought?
How natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes
Dr. Renner conducts a therapy group with rebellious teenagers who have deep-seated anger and resentment over being adopted. Dr. Renner’s work most likely focuses on the ______ perspective.
humanistic
Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is tabula rasa or a “blank slate”?
john locke
Who developed psychoanalysis and would be most likely to emphasize the role of the unconscious mind in affecting behavior?
Freud