Thinking Biases
This bias occurs when people overestimate how much others share their beliefs or choices.
What is overconfidence?
An evidence-based explanation of behavior and mental processes is called a —
What is a theory?
The entire group a researcher wants to draw conclusions about is called the —
What is the population?
This research method examines relationships between variables without manipulating them.
What is a correlational study?
The group that receives the treatment in an experiment is the —
What is the experimental group?
Believing you predicted an outcome after it already happened is known as this bias.
What is hindsight bias?
A specific, testable prediction derived from a theory is known as a —
What is a hypothesis?
The smaller group actually studied is referred to as the —
What is the sample?
An in-depth investigation of one individual or small group is called a —
What is a case study?
A fake treatment given to participants is called a —
What is a placebo?
Seeing a relationship between two events that are not actually related is called this.
What is an illusory correlation?
A hypothesis that can be supported or disproven by evidence is described as —
What is falsifiable?
Selecting participants because they are easy to access creates this type of sample.
What is a convenience sample?
Observing behavior in a natural environment without interference is known as —
What is naturalistic observation?
When participants improve simply because they believe they are being treated, this occurs.
What is the placebo effect?
How researchers define and measure variables in a study is called an —
What is an operational definition?
When a sample does not accurately reflect the population, this problem occurs.
What is sampling bias?
Combining data from many studies to draw broader conclusions is called —
What is a meta-analysis?
When neither the participants nor the researchers know who is in each group, the study is —
What is a double-blind experiment?
A belief that is strengthened by selective memory rather than actual data often results from this type of cognitive error.
What is an illusory correlation?
The process in which other scientists evaluate a study before publication is known as —
What is peer review?
Using random selection increases this ability to apply findings to a larger group.
What is generalizability?
The only research method that allows researchers to determine cause and effect is an —
What is an experiment?
The university committee that reviews research proposals for ethical concerns is called the —
What is the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?