Unit 1.1
What is the term for the full set of an individual’s genes?
Genome
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
What are the basic building blocks of the nervous system?
Neurons
Which brain structure connects the two hemispheres?
Corpus Callosum
About how long is one full sleep cycle?
~90 minutes
Identical twins share what percentage of their genes?
100 Percent
The somatic nervous system controls ______ actions.
Voluntary
The tiny gap between neurons is called the ______.
Synapse
The medulla controls what vital functions?
Breathing and heart rate
In which stage of sleep do vivid dreams occur?
REM sleep
What is the study of how the environment can switch genes on or off?
Epigenetics
The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for what response?
Fight or Flight
What type of signal travels within a neuron — electrical or chemical?
Electrical
The amygdala is responsible mainly for what emotion?
Fear and aggression
What brain waves dominate deep NREM Stage 3 sleep?
Delta waves
This debate explores whether traits are more influenced by genetics or experience.
Nature vs. Nurture
The parasympathetic nervous system does what after a stress response?
Calms the body (Rest and Digest)
When a neuron is at rest, what is the electrical charge difference called, and why does it matter?
resting potential
Damage to Broca’s area would affect what ability?
Speech production
A theory that posits sleep, particularly REM sleep, plays a crucial role in consolidating and stabilizing newly acquired memories
Consolidation Theory
If a trait has high heritability, what does that mean about environmental influence?
Environmental influence is relatively low; differences are mostly genetic.
What is the pathway that bypasses the brain for quick reactions called?
Reflex arc
Neurotransmitters bind to specific sites on the receiving neuron called ______.
Receptor sites
What is brain plasticity?
The brain’s ability to change and reorganize after damage or experience.
A condition where individuals act out their dreams during REM sleep, often resulting in physical movements and vocalizations, due to a lack of normal muscle paralysis
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder