BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR and Interaction of Heredity and Environment
Anything an organism goes, action we can observe; yelling, smiling, talking, and heart rate
Behavior
controls the body’s skeletal muscles
Somatic Nervous system
Chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
Psychoactive Drug
It’s your brain, not your heart, that falls in love.
(true or false)
True
two lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system linked to emotion
Amygdala
Our internal, subjective experiences; perceptions, thoughts, dreams, feelings, and beliefs
mental processes
controls and glands and muscles of the internal organs
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect
Tolerance
Differentiate between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area
Broca’s area: speaking;
Wernicke’s area: understanding of speech
Base of the brain stem, Controls heartbeat and breathing
Medulla
Principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Natural Selection
What are the 3 parts of a neuron?
Cell Body, Dendrite, and Axon
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an additive drug or behavior
Withdrawal
amplified recording of the ways of electrical activity sweeping across the brain’s surface, waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; body’s ultimate control and information processing center
the function of the cerebral cortex
the genetic transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring
Heredity
“Morphine within” Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
endorphins
What are the effects of LSD (acid) on the body?
Hallucinations, flashbacks, euphoria to detachment to panic, perceptual distortions
reveals blood flow and therefore brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans
Functional MRI (fMRI)
Oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions
The function of the Brainstem
every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
Environment
chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect the tissues
hormones
What effect does cocaine have on the body?
produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria, depletes brains supply of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, severe crashes, extremely addictive
The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
Corpus Callosum
Top of the brain stem, brain’s sensory control center, directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
Thalamus