Hormones
a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles
What is Melatonin?
Caffeine
Stimulant or Depressant?
What does it do?
Agonist to…
Antagonist to…
Stimulant
increases alertness and reduces fatigue
agonist to ACh
antagonist to GABA
the evolutionary process where traits that increase an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction become more common in a population
What is natural selection
a tiny gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals from one neuron to another
What is a synapse?
a test that records electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp
What is an EEG?
A hormone produced by fat cells that signal the brain to reduce appetite and increase energy expenditure
What is leptin?
Cocaine
Stimulant or Depressant?
What does it do?
Agonist to…
Antagonist to…
Stimulant
causes intense euphoria, confidence and alertness
agonist to Dopamine and Serotonin
what is Epigenetics?
receives signals from other neurons and carries these signals towards the cell body
What are dendrites?
A brain imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of brain structures
What is an MRI
A hormone and neurotransmitter involved in social bonding, trust and reproductive behaviors
What is oxytocin?
Nicotine
Stimulant or Depressant?
What does it do?
Agonist to…
Antagonist to…
Stimulant
increased attention, decrease in stress, jittery
agonist to dopamine and serotonin
the environmental factors that influence behavior and development such as upbringing, culture, education and life experiences
What is Nurture?
Carries signals away from cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands
What are axons?
A brain imaging technique that shows brain activity by detecting where a radioactive form of glucose is being used
What is a PET scan
A hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates appetite and signals hunger to the brain
What is Ghrelin?
Alcohol
Stimulant or Depressant?
What does it do?
Agonist to…
Antagonist to…
Depressant
slowed down processing, disrupts memory
agonist to GABAantagonist to ACh
developed from a single, fertilized egg, nearly identical genetic material
support cells in the nervous system that nourish, protect and insulate neurons, helping maintain homeostasis
What are Glial Cells?
a brain imaging technique that uses x-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the brain
What is a CT scan?
a network of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream to regulate bodily functions
what is the endocrine system?
Opiates
Stimulant or Depressant?
What does it do?
Agonist to…
Antagonist to…
Depressant
activates reward pathway, slows down brain and body activity
antagonist to norepinephrine
agonist to endorphins
developed from two separate eggs, genetically the same as normal siblings
What are fraternal (dizygotic) twins?
fatty layer that surrounds and insulates axons, speeding up the transmission of neural signals
What is the Myelin Sheath?
a brain imaging technique that measures blood flow to detect brain activity in real time
What is an fMRI