Memory Types
This type of memory involves recalling personal experiences and specific life events.
episodic memory
The process of getting information into memory is called this.
Encoding
This memory system temporarily stores a small amount of information for brief periods.
short term memory / working memory
Repeating information over and over to keep it in memory is called this.
maintenance rehearsal
This type of amnesia involves difficulty forming new long-term memories after an injury.
anterograde amnesia
This type of long-term memory helps you remember how to ride a bike or tie your shoes.
procedural memory
This type of encoding focuses on the physical appearance or structure of words.
Structural encoding
This very brief visual sensory memory lasts only a fraction of a second.
iconic memory
This study method, which spreads studying out over time, is more effective than cramming.
distributed practice
Retrograde amnesia most commonly affects memories from this period of time.
before the amnesia-causing event
This type of memory involves remembering to do something in the future, such as attending an appointment.
prospective memory
This model suggests that deeper processing leads to better long-term memory.
levels of processing model
According to Baddeley and Hitch, this model explains how information is actively processed and manipulated.
working memory model
This memory effect explains why people tend to remember items at the beginning of a list best.
primacy effect
This phenomenon explains why adults generally cannot remember events from infancy.
infantile amnesia
This type of memory involves remembering to do something in the future, such as attending an appointment.
Exceptional memory for personal events
This memory strategy involves connecting new information to existing knowledge and meaning.
elaborative rehearsal
In the working memory model, this component is responsible for holding visual and spatial information.
visuospatial sketchpad
This process stabilizes and stores memories after initial encoding.
consolidation
In the working memory model, this component primarily stores auditory information.
phonological loop
This type of memory loss involves difficulty recalling information from before an injury or trauma.
retrograde amnesia
This phrase describes methods such as chunking, imagery, and mnemonic devices that improve memory.
encoding strategies
In the working memory model, this component coordinates cognitive processes and directs attention.
central executive
This mnemonic strategy involves linking information to familiar locations.
method of loci
This term refers to the process of mentally organizing and manipulating information while thinking.
working memory