Sleep Patterns
This sleep disorder is characterized by recurring problems falling or staying asleep
What is insomnia?
Recuperation Theory
6 year old Albert's parents are awakened by shrieking sounds coming from his room. Upon entering his room, they find Albert sitting up in his bed, sweating and pale, and appearing terrified. The next morning he has not recollection of this event. Albert most likely had:
night terrors in stage 3
True or false: depressants are a type of psychoactive drug that acts as an agonist and slows neural activity
True - the agonist GABA (gamino amino-butyric acid)
What part of the neuron serves as an insulator and speeds up neural transmission?
myelin sheath
Kayla has a dream where she is falling, and when she is about to land, she wakes up. After awakening, she spends hours researching the symbolism of her dream. This sleep theory best describes her approach to researching her dream.
What is Freud's Wish Fulfillment Theory.
This theory explains that sleep why our ancestors were better off in a cave when darkness fell.
Protection theory
Paula wakes up several times a night with a loud "snore" of breath because she has stopped breathing. With which sleep disorder would she most likely be diagnosed?
Narcolepsy
Which stimulant causes high energy, emotional elation, dehydration, and damage to serotonin-producing neurons?
Ecstasy
Information from the body's somatic nervous system is relayed to the spinal cord and brain by...
afferent neurons
sensory:afferent
Motor:efferent
SAME
On an EEG readout, what would most likely indicate that a person was in Stage II of the sleep cycle.
Sleep spindles are traditionally short bursts of brain activity that occur most often in Stage II sleep.
Which of the following dream theories states that dreams help us sort out the days events and consolidate our memories?
information-processing
After two nights without sleep, which of the following can be expected?
an increase in night terrors sleep apnea
insomnia REM rebound
REM rebound
name 3 stimulants
nicotine, caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, Ecstasy
What is the difference between dopamine and endorphins?
Dopamine is involved in the expectation of pleasure, while endorphins (and manmade agonists codeine and morphine) are actively involved in current pleasure.
Dopamine = wanting. Endorphins = enjoying
Dopamine propels a person to seek the next hit of drugs, endorphins allows them to enjoy it
Describe the normal pattern of sleep.
Stage 1: only have fallen asleep and can be easily wakened.
Stage 2: Deepening sleep - sleep spindles present
Stages 3 & 4: Deep sleep, lose track of time
REM Sleep
Sigmund Freud believed that a dream's ______ content reflected the deep, underlying meaning of the dream.
latent
A sleep disorder characterized by the uncontrollable urge to fall asleep at inopportune times.
Narcolepsy
Name 3 depressants
alcohol, barbiturates, opiates
If natural endorphins lesson pain and boost mood, why not increase the effect by flooding the brain with artificial opiates?
When flooded with opiate drugs, the brain seeks to maintain its chemical balance by suppressing its own natural opiates.
Using an EEG, what patterns might researchers see as a person moves from state 2 sleep to stage 3?
Delta waves.
What stage of sleep do dreams occur in?
REM
What is activation-synthesis?
The brain tries to make sense of neural static by weaving it into a story line.
What class of drugs works by blocking the neural receptors for dopamine?
anti-psychotics (clozapine, thorazine)
How do antidepressants work?
They relieve depression by partially blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
reuptake: the neurotransmitters reabsorption by the sending neuron