Introduction to Learning
the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, study, or being taught
Learning
learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring out a response where it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings out a response
a reinforcer that occurs closely to a behavior in time (rat gets food pellet for pressing on a bar)
Immediate Reinforcer
children imitate (model) behaviors; study used Bobo dolls to demonstrate the following
Modeling Behaviors
when a UCS (good) does not follow a CS (tone), CR (salivation) starts to decrease and at some point goes extinct
Extinction
the process of training of accustoming a person or animal to behave in a certain way or to accept certain circumstances
Conditioning
something that triggers a response
Stimulus
a highly controlled environment used to study operant conditioning processes with laboratory animals; created the "_______ Box"
B.F. Skinner
Who performed the Bobo Doll Experiment in 1961, that showed how people imitate behaviors based on reward or punishment?
Albert Bandura
when we associate a seemingly random action or item with an extreme (whether positive or negative) outcome (i.e. lucky socks, broken mirror)
Superstition
a sudden realization to a solution to a problem
Insight Learning
Who studied how to classically condition dogs into salivating at the sound of a bell?
Ivan Pavlov
number of times desired behavior is performed
Ratio
This occurs in four stages:
1.paying attention and perceiving features of another's behavior 2. remembering the behavior 3. reproducing the behavior 4. being motivated to learn and carry out the behavior
Observational Learning
Abby ate a supreme pizza with peppers for dinner, and before bed, her stomach started hurting and she threw up. Now, every time she sees a supreme pizza with peppers, her stomach starts to hurt, what could she possibly have?
Taste Aversion
subconscious retention of info without reinforcement or motivation
Latent Learning
Stimulus Generalization
Positive Punishment
the process of gaining greater awareness of many physiological functions primarily using information on the activity of those same systems, with a goal of being able to manipulate them at will
Biofeedback
the phase of pairing the NS (becomes CS) and UCS over and over again until the subject associates the two together
Aquisition
basis of all learning is in what two things we associate together and how that triggers a response
Association
After a rest period, the dogs would once again salivate at the sound of a bell. What is this an example of?
Sponateous Recovery
responses that produce desirable results will be learned, or "stamped" into the organism
learning the consequences of an action by watching others being rewarded or punished for performing the action
Vicarious Learning
operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior closer towards target behavior through successive approximations
Shaping