Encoding/Storage
Your friend gives you a Wi-Fi password, and you repeat it over and over to remember it. What type of rehearsal are you using?
Maintenance Rehearsal
A student takes a multiple-choice test and easily picks out the correct answers. Later, when asked to write down the same information without answer choices, they struggle. What two types of retrieval are being tested?
Recognition (multiple-choice) & Recall (free response)
You continue using the same method to solve a math problem even though a different approach would be more efficient. What is this an example of?
Mental Set
After seeing a shark attack on TV, you believe shark attacks are more common than they actually are. What heuristic is this?
Availability heuristic
What term describes general intelligence that underlies all mental abilities?
g-factor
Mr Bannon suffers brain damage and cannot form new memories but remembers his past. What kind of amnesia does he have?
Anterograde amnesia
You vividly remember the details of your 10th birthday party. What type of memory is this?
Episodic memory
A witness describes a car accident but later changes their memory after hearing someone else's version of events. What effect is this?
Misinformation effect
Lila doesn't think to use a screwdriver to open a paint can because they only think to use it to loosen/tighten screws. What is this called? (Thinking outside the box)
Functional Fixedness
Alec insists LeBron is the GOAT of the NBA and only reads articles that support his view, ignoring anything favoring MJ or other players. What bias is at play?
Confirmation Bias
Tired of his students getting low IQ scores, Mr. Bannon designed a new IQ test that always gives a 130—no matter how smart they are. It’s super consistent, but what’s it missing?
Validity-
although it has very high test-retest reliability...
Jon is in a car accident and cannot remember events from before the crash. What type of amnesia is this?
Retrograde Amnesia
A student remembers more psychology terms while sitting in their usual classroom than in a different environment. What principle explains this?
Context-dependent memory
Mike memorized a list of vocabulary words a month ago but never reviewed them. When tested today, they can only recall a few words. What theory explains their forgetting?
Decay or Decay Theory
Shania continues to believe in their political stance that global warming doesn't exist despite overwhelming evidence against it. What bias is this?
Belief Perseverance
You believe you “knew it all along” after seeing the correct answer to a test question. What bias is this?
Hindsight bias
A student excels at trivia and vocabulary tests but struggles with new problem-solving tasks. What type of intelligence is stronger?
Crystallized intelligence
You hear someone say a phone number, but if you don’t write it down within a few seconds, you forget it. What type of sensory memory is this?
Echoic memory
A person remembers learning to ride a bike but cannot recall the exact lesson. What type of memory is involved?
Procedural memory
Katherine forgets where she learned a fact but remembers the information itself. What type of memory error is this?
Source Amnesia
A hiker sets out on a trail without checking the weather or packing extra supplies, convinced that they will easily finish before dark. Hours later, they get lost in a storm with no flashlight or food. What bias led to this poor decision, and why?
Overconfidence bias – The hiker overestimated their abilities and underestimated potential risks, leading to poor preparation.
Cate aces a test and says it’s because she studied hard. But when she failed the next one, she blamed the tricky questions. What bias is at play?
Self-serving bias
Over the past century, IQ scores have mysteriously risen worldwide. Scientists debate why, but what is this effect called?
Flynn effect
You briefly see a flash of an image on a screen. Even after it disappears, you can still visualize it for a moment. What type of sensory memory is this?
Iconic Memory
A teacher gives students a list of 20 words. One student rewrites them in sentences, while another repeats them over and over again silently. Who will recall more, and why?
The first student; elaborative rehearsal improves recall.
A student studies all night before a test and another studies in small chunks over a week. Who will likely remember more, and why?
The second student because of the spacing effect
A shopper believes a name-brand product is better than the store brand despite identical ingredients. What cognitive bias might they be experiencing?
Representativeness heuristic- The shopper assumes the name-brand product is better because it fits their prototype of a "higher-quality" product, even though objective ingredients are the same.
Kellen avoids difficult assignments so they can later claim they didn’t try rather than admit failure. What bias is this?
Self-handicapping
Pat administers an IQ test, then repeats it a month later to check consistency. What type of reliability is being tested?
Test-retest reliability
One student brainstorms multiple ways to use a brick, including as a paperweight, a doorstop, and an art piece. Another student solves a math problem by following a step-by-step formula to find the single correct answer. What types of thinking are each using?
Divergent thinking (multiple uses for the brick) & Convergent thinking (solving the math problem with a single correct answer).