MeThinks
Tests designed to assess current performance in an ability.
Achievement Tests
A rule of thumb used in solving problems or making decisions
What is a heuristic?
Proposed that humans are equipped with an innate language acquisition device
Who is Noam Chomsky?
A child's mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100
What is the intelligence quotient?
"ch" "a" "t" "s"
What is a phoneme?
A word that means before language
pre-lingual
When you suddenly discover the solution to a problem after struggling with it for a while; an "aha!" feeling
What is insight?
When you assume something is more likely because it matches your expectation/prototype
What is the representativeness heuristic?
Created the first useful intelligence test, aimed at predicting children's success in school
Who is Alfred Binet?
This is high when an IQ test measures what it was designed to measure
What is validity?
The smallest unit of meaning in language
What is a morpheme?
The stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
Babbling stage
Using a shoe to hammer a nail is an example of overcoming this
What is functional fixedness?
Explains why people might think they are more likely be in a plane crash than in a car accident
What is the availability heuristic?
Proposes that humans have 8 independent intelligences
Who is Howard Gardner?
Our ability to solve abstract problems and pick up new information.
Fluid Intelligence
Tells us that adding "-ed" makes a word past tense
What is semantics?
The stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in single words
One word stage
Continuing to believe something after receiving evidence that disconfirms it
What is belief perseverance?
The way you present an issue can be a powerful tool of persuasion
framing
Replaced the intelligence quotient for the normal distribution in his intelligence test
Who is David Weschler?
Increased schooling and more demanding curricula are proposed explanations for this 100+ year trend of higher IQ scores
What is the Flynn effect?
What percent of all deaf children are born to hearing parents?
90%
Mastering language in childhood is important, delaying language learning puts children behind. This period can be referred to as
critical period
Example: After pushing open a door, you later continue to try to push open a door that needs to be pulled
What is a mental set?
To overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgements
overconfidence
Who is Benjamin Lee Whorf?
According to Sternberg, this type of intelligence helps you solve problems encountered in everyday life
What is practical intelligence?
Type of infant speech around 24 months that only uses essential words to communicate; resembles many text messages today
What is telegraphic speech?
At this age children are learning 1 word a day
18 months