MeThinks
Grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people.
What are concepts?
A rule of thumb used in solving problems or making decisions
What is a heuristic?
Proposed that humans are equipped with an innate language acquisition device
Who is Noam Chomsky?
Ability to solve problems quickly and think abstractly and decreases with age.
What is the fluid intelligence?
"ch" "a" "t" "s"
What is a phoneme?
The best example of a concept.
What is a prototype?
When you assume something is more likely because it matches your expectation/prototype
What is the representativeness heuristic?
Created the first useful intelligence test, aimed at predicting children's success in school
Who is Alfred Binet?
This is high when an IQ test measures what it was designed to measure
What is validity?
The smallest unit of meaning in language
What is a morpheme?
Using a shoe to hammer a nail is an example of overcoming this
What is functional fixedness?
Explains why people might think they are more likely be in a plane crash than in a car accident
What is the availability heuristic?
Proposes that humans have 8 independent intelligences
Who is Howard Gardner?
The process of defining meaningful scores relative to a pretested group.
What is standardization?
Specifies the meaning of words or phrases when they appear in various sentences or contexts.
What is semantics?
Continuing to believe something after receiving evidence that disconfirms it
What is belief perseverance?
Generating many unique, creative responses.
What is divergent thinking?
The most widely used intelligence test broken up into 15 subparts.
Who is David Weschler?
Increased schooling and more demanding curricula (enviornment) are proposed explanations for this 100+ year trend of higher IQ scores
What is the Flynn effect?
Without prior exposure to language, a child cannot truly learn any language beyond this point
What is a critical period?
Example: After pushing open a door, you later continue to try to push open a door that needs to be pulled
What is a mental set?
We look for evidence that confirms our beliefs and ignore evidence that would contradict it.
What is the confirmation bias?
Who is Benjamin Lee Whorf?
Accumulated knowledge over a lifetime.
What is crystallized intelligence?
Type of infant speech around 24 months that only uses essential words to communicate; they omit articles, prepositions, and part of verbs.
What is telegraphic speech?