Classical Conditioning
$100: Stage where a neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are first linked.
What is Acquisition?
$100: Adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
$100: A mental representation of the layout of one's environment.
What is a Cognitive Map?
$100: This "Big Five" trait describes individuals who are outgoing, sociable, and derive energy from being around others.
What is extraversion?
$100: Biological predisposition to avoid foods that cause sickness.
What is Taste Aversion?
$200: Reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a rest period.
What is Spontaneous Recovery?
$200: Reinforcing a behavior after an unpredictable number of responses.
What is Variable-Ratio?
$200: Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive.
What is Latent Learning?
$200: To assess personality, the Rorschach test uses these ambiguous stimuli to uncover a subject’s unconscious motives.
What are inkblots?
$200: Passive resignation learned when unable to avoid aversive events.
What is Learned Helplessness?
$300: Subject in Watson’s experiment who learned to fear white rats.
Who is Little Albert?
$300: An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.
What is Punishment?
$300: A sudden realization of a problem's solution.
What is Insight?
$300: This "Big Five" trait dimension ranges from being organized and disciplined at one end to disorganized and careless at the other.
What is conscientiousness?
$300: Tendency for animals to return to innate behaviors following conditioning.
What is Instinctive Drift?
$400: Condition where a CS is paired with a new neutral stimulus to create a second (often weaker) CS.
What is Higher-Order Conditioning?
$400: A box containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain food.
What is a Skinner Box?
$400: Desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.
What is Intrinsic Motivation?
$400: Proposed by Abraham Maslow, this term refers to the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met.
What is self-actualization?
$400: Perception that chance or outside forces determine one's fate.
What is External Locus of Control?
$500: Responding to a specific stimulus but not to others that are similar.
What is Discrimination?
$500: Innately reinforcing stimuli, such as those that satisfy a biological need.
What are Primary Reinforcers?
$500: Diminished intrinsic interest due to excessive extrinsic rewards.
What is the Overjustification Effect?
$500: Albert Bandura used this two-word term to describe the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment.
What is reciprocal determinism?
$500: The ability to delay immediate gratification for greater long-term rewards.
What is Self-Control?