Prenatal Development
The fertilized human egg, containing 23 chromosomes from the father, and 23 chromosomes from the mother.
What is a zygote?
This is a sense of who one is as an individual and how well one measures up against peers.
What is personal identity?
This is a child's general level of emotional reactivity.
What is temperament?
The stage in Kohlberg's theory in which moral judgement is based on external consequences.
What is the preconventional stage?
The ability to recognize that objects still exist when they're no longer in sight.
What is object permanence?
The period of time in which sexual differentiation occurs.
What is the embryonic period
Conflicts during this stage of personal identity development revolve around acceptance of one's life as well as their successes and failures.
What is integrity vs. despair?
The adaptive standpoint of attachments.
What is the standpoint that attachments guarantee survival?
In this stage of Kohlberg's theory, moral behavior is that which conforms to the rules and conventions of society.
What is the conventional level?
During this time schemata grow in sophistication. Children can think about absent objects, and can use one object to stand for another.
What is the preoperational period?
By the end of the third month after conception, these systems will have developed to allow movement.
What are the muscular and skeletal systems?
These 3 stages of personal identity occur during infancy and childhood.
This involves gradually subjecting a child to a stressful situation and observing their behavior toward the caregiver.
What is a strange-situation test?
Most work on moral development has been conducted with adolescents and adults for this reason.
What is the development of a sense of morality in children and adolescents as they mature intellectually?
The stage of cognitive development Piaget theorizes that abstract thinking is mastered.
What is the formal operational period?
The percentage of the ultimate weight of a newborn's brain at birth.
What is 25%.
This is a condition described by Erikson which involves the induction of a sense of meaninglessness in middle life and beyond.
What is stagnation?
These are the 4 types of attachment.
What are secure, resistant, avoidant, and disorganized/disoriented.
During this stage of moral development, abstract principles are the basis of morality and one's ideas may conflict with accepted standards.
What is the postconventional level?
This is a characteristic of thinking in the preoperational period of development.
What is egocentrism(the tendency to see the world from one's own perspective only)?
The make or break time for fertilized eggs; most do not complete successful implantation during this period.
What is the germinal period.
This is a criticism of Erikson's theory.
What is the lack of articulation in how a person moves from one crisis stage to the next?
Children in daycare are more likely to form this type of attachment.
What is an insecure( avoidant or resistant) attachment?
Kohlberg's theory does not take this into account, and his theory is criticized for it.
What is the role of culture?
Note: Many developmental psychologists believe we need to broaden our conception of morality to make it more representative of the diversity of social experiences.
This is a challenge of Piaget's theory.
What is the realization that children's thought processes do not undergo rapid transitions of cognitive development and don't always fit into a specific cognitive stage; the transition from one developmental point to the next are not well-defined.