Unit 6
What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation?
The difference between assimilation and accommodation is that assimilation is the process of taking in new information and fitting it into an existing schema, while accommodation is the process of changing an existing schema to fit new information.
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
Intrinsic motivation is the desire to engage in an activity because it is enjoyable or satisfying. In contrast, extrinsic motivation is the desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or pressures.
What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?
A psychologist has earned a doctoral degree in psychology, is licensed to practice psychology, and is trained to diagnose and treat mental health disorders using psychotherapy and other techniques.
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness and emotional disorders and is trained to prescribe medication and use other medical treatments to manage mental health disorders.
What is attribution theory?
Explains how people interpret and make sense of events around them.
Suggests that people tend to attribute the cause of an event to either internal factors (such as personality traits) or external factors (such as situational factors).
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What is the difference between a schema and a script?
A schema is a pre-existing knowledge structure in memory that organizes and interprets information. It is a general framework or category that helps us understand new information1. A cognitive script is a schema that is more specific. Specifically, a cognitive script indicates a sequence of behaviors that can be expected from a person in a particular situation.
What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?
The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotions arise from physiological arousal and that cognitive interpretation determines the specific feeling experienced.
What is the DSM-5?
A manual used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental health disorders.
Provides criteria for diagnosing different mental health disorders, including their symptoms, duration, and severity.
What is attitude formation?
Refers to the process by which an individual develops a positive or negative evaluation of an object, person, group, or idea.
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What is the difference between a cross-sectional study and a longitudinal study?
Cross-sectional studies look at a characteristic of a population at a specific point in time, while longitudinal studies involve studying a population over an extended period. Cross-sectional studies are quicker and cheaper, and are useful for establishing associations between variables, while longitudinal studies are more time-consuming and necessary for studying cause and effect.
What are the Big Five personality traits?
The Big Five personality traits are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
What is cognitive-behavioral therapy?
A type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to mental health disorders.
Often used to treat anxiety disorders, depression, and other mental health conditions.
What is conformity?
The act of changing one’s behavior or beliefs to match those of others in a group.
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What is the difference between a teratogen and a carcinogen?
A teratogen is a compound that permanently deforms the function or structure of a developing embryo or fetus in utero. A carcinogen is any agent that directly increases the incidence of cancer. Most, but not all carcinogens are mutagens1.
What is the difference between a projective test and an objective test?
A projective test is a type of personality test that involves presenting ambiguous stimuli to a person and asking them to interpret what they see. An objective test is a type of personality test that involves presenting clear, unambiguous questions or statements for which the person must provide a specific answer.
What is the difference between a panic attack and a heart attack?
Panic attack:
Sudden onset of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes.
Symptoms include sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain or discomfort, nausea or abdominal distress, feeling dizzy or lightheaded, chills or heat sensations, paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations), derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself), fear of losing control or going crazy, fear of dying.
Heart attack:
Occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked.
Symptoms include chest pain or discomfort that may spread to the arms, neck, jaw, back, or stomach; shortness of breath; cold sweat; nausea; lightheadedness.
What is groupthink?
A phenomenon where members of a group tend to conform to the group’s consensus opinion, even if it goes against their own beliefs.
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What are the stages of prenatal development?
There are three stages of prenatal development: the germinal stage, the embryonic stage, and the fetal stage. The germinal stage begins at conception when the sperm and egg cells unite in one of the fallopian tubes. The embryonic stage lasts from about the third week of pregnancy until the eighth week of pregnancy. The fetal stage begins at the ninth week of pregnancy and continues until birth1.
What is the difference between a self-schema and a possible self?
A self-schema is a cognitive structure that represents a person’s beliefs and feelings about themselves in a particular domain (e.g., academic ability). A possible self is a cognitive structure that represents a person’s beliefs and feelings about who they might become in the future.
What is the difference between bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder?
Bipolar disorder:
Mood disorder characterized by episodes of mania (elevated mood) and depression.
Borderline personality disorder:
Personality disorder characterized by unstable moods, behavior, and relationships.
What is social facilitation?
The tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others.
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500 points for you!