These are mental images or our best examples of a category. It is used to sort new things into categories. Ex: We see a robin as more bird-like than a penguin.
What are prototypes
100
This heuristic is when we judge the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent/match our particular prototypes.
What is representative heuristic
100
These are the smallest distinctive sound units of a language.
What are phonemes
100
This is the second division of language. The first is receptive language that gives us the ability to comprehend speech. This gives us the ability to produce words.
What is productive language
100
Chimpanzees displayed this by using tools to get a piece of fruit. Hint: Think of problem solving.
What is insight
200
This is a step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution. Ex: Searching every aisle in a supermarket methodically to find the Captain Crunch
What is an algorithm
200
This heuristic is when we base judgments on how mentally available the information is. If instances come quickly to mind, we presume they are common. Ex: People believing planes are more dangerous than driving after 9/11.
What is the availability heuristic
200
These are the smallest units in a language that carry meaning.
What is morphemes
200
While BF Skinner believes that language is a learned behavior, this psychologist believes that it occurs naturally with a language acquisition device (LAD).
Who is Chomsky
200
Advanced animals have the ability to recognize themselves but, according to studies, they do not have this.
What is Theory of Mind
300
This is the tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions, ignoring any information that may conflict/disprove the belief.
What is the confirmation bias
300
This is our tendency to be more confident than correct due to the overestimation of the accuracy of one's beliefs or judgments.
What is overconfidence
300
This is the system of rules that enable us to communicate and understand others.
What is grammar
300
This is the fact that different languages impose different concepts of reality. Ex: English has more words for the self, while Japanese has more words for the community.
What is linguistic determinism
300
This study in 1998 by Washoe was a breakthrough in linguistics. The study was based upon a gorilla who learned this.
What is sign language
400
This is our tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions. Ex: looking for a hammer, not realizing you could use a wrench to put in nails.
What is functional fixedness
400
This is our tendency to cling to our beliefs in the face of contrary evidence.
What is belief preservation
400
These are the rules by which we derive meaning from language. Ex: the '-ed' in walked to make it past tense
What are semantics
400
Similar to outcome stimulation, in which you imagine the outcome of a situation beforehand, this stimulation type involves imagining the process beforehand.
What is process stimulation
400
This psychology point of view believes that the language learned in animals is actually just conditioned.
What is behavioral
500
This is the tendency for people's beliefs to distort logic, making the valid seem invalid and vice versa. (similar to confirmation bias)
What is the belief bias.
500
This is when the way information is presented to us can affect our judgment. This is the reason a survey-type study can be bias. Ex: 90% live vs 10% die
What is framing
500
This is the system that uses rules to combine words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. Ex: white house vs. casa blanca
What is syntax.
500
This is the advantage for people who speak two languages, as they are better able to inhibit one language while using the other.
What is the bilingual advantage
500
In the 1998 Washoe study, the gorillas displayed increased understanding of language/ intelligence by teaching sign language to her ____.