What is Memory?
How do we retrieve memories?
Why does memory sometimes fail us?
What are the components of thought?
What abilities do good thinkers possess?
100
Any system-human, animal, or machine- that encodes, stores, and retrieves information.
What is memory?
100
Memory that has been processed with attention and can be consciously recalled.
What is explicit memory?
100
A graph plotting the amount of retention and forgetting over time for a certain batch of material such as a list of nonsense syllables.
What is forgetting curve?
100
Levels of concepts, from most general to most specific, in which more general level includes more specific concepts.
What is concept hierarchies?
100
A faulty heuristic caused by basing an estimate on a completely unrelated quantity.
What is anchoring bias?
200
An especially clear and persistent form of memory that is quite rare.
What is eidetic imagery?
200
A memory that was not deliberately learned or of which you have no conscious awareness.
What is implicit memory?
200
A cause of forgetting by which newly learned information prevents retrieval of previously stored material.
What is retroactive interference?
200
Brain waves shown on the EEG in response to stimulation.
What is event-related potentials?
200
The inability to perceive a new use for an object associated with a different purpose.
What is functional fixedness?
300
The third of three memory stages, with the largest capacity and longest duration.
What is long-term memory?
300
A technique for cuing implicit memories by providing cues that stimulate a memory without awareness of the connection between the cue and the retrieved memory.
What is priming?
300
The distortion of memory by suggestion or misinformation.
What is misinformation effect?
300
A knowledge cluster or general conceptual framework that provides expectations about topics, events, objects, people and situations in one's life.
What is schema?
300
A faulty heuristic strategy that estimates probabilities based on information that can be recalled from personal experience.
What is availability bias?
400
The conversion of information, especially semantic information to sound patterns in working memory.
What is acoustic encoding?
400
The doctrine that memory is encoded and stored with specific cues related to the context in which it was formed. The more closely the retrieval cues match the form in which the information was encoded, the better it will be remembered.
What is encoding specificity principle?
400
The commonly held idea that we are more consistent in our attitudes, opinions and beliefs than we actually are.
What is self-consistency bias?
400
The idea that the brain is an information-processing organ that operates, in some ways, like a computer.
What is computer metaphor?
400
The tendency, after learning about an event, to "second guess" or believe that one could have predicted the event in advance.
What is hindsight bias?
500
The explanation for the fact that information that is more thoroughly connected to meaningful items in long-term memory will be remembered better.
What is levels-of-processing theory?
500
The inability to recall a word, while knowing that it is in memory.
What is TOT phenomenon?
500
Words associated with new information to be remembered
What is natural language mediators?
500
Mental representations of categories of items or ideas, based on experience.
What is concepts?
500
Cognitive strategies or "rules of thumb" used as shortcuts to solve complex mental tasks.
What is heuristics?
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