The Phenomenon of Memory
Encoding
Storage and Retrieval
Forgetting
Memory Construction
100
Any indication that learning has persisted over time
What is memory
100
The processing of information into the memory system
What is encoding
100
Two types of sensory memory
What is iconic and echoic
100

One of principles discover that explains how quickly information is lost.

What is the principle of decay?

100

Incorporating miseading information into one's memory of an event

What is misinformation effect?

200
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
What is flashbulb memory
200
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
What is chunking
200

Retention independent of conscious recollection (no need to think about this).

What is implicit memory?

200

When we are certain that we know something that we are trying to recall but cannot quite come up with it.

What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

200

Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. 

What are source monitoring errors?

300

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.

What is sensory memory

300

Encoding information on an elementary/basic level.

What is shallow processing?

300
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare". Also called declarative memory
What is explicit memory
300

An inability to retrieve events that occurred before a given time.

What is retrograde amnesia?

300

The tendency to verify and confirm our existing memories rather than to challenge and disconfirm them.

What is confirmation bias?

400

An understanding of memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual- spatial information, and of information retrieved from long- term memory.

What is working memory?

400

The two of the three things that disrupt encoding covered in class.

What is information overload, multitasking, and daydreaming?

400

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood.

What is mood dependent learning?

400
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
What is proactive interference
400

A part of the brain that helps the storage of emotionally powerful episodic memories.

What is the amygdala?

500

The three stages of memory.

What is sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory?

500
Tendency to retain information more easily if we practice it repeatedly over time than if we practice it in one long session
What is spacing effect
500

An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory

What is long- term potentiation (LTP)

500
The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
What is retroactive interference
500

Because stress is an important factor in forming memories, these hormones have been shown to have an influence on encoding and retrieval. Name at least two.

What are serotonin, glutamate, epinephrine, and estrogen?

M
e
n
u