Problem Solving
mental set
IQ stand for
Intelligence quotient
The cognitive process of recovering stored information
Retrieval
Forgetting due to lack of clues or hints
Retrieval Cue Failure
Tendency to analyze the smaller features of an image and build up to a complete perception
Bottom-Up Processing
view problems only in their customary manner
functional fixedness
The method for measuring intelligence that uses a combination of mental age and chronological age...becomes less reliable as a person ages
Stanford-Binet IQ Exam
To keep information in the STM longer than 20 seconds, you must use...
Maintenance Rehearsal
Tendency to recover info easier in a setting that is the most similar to the setting in which the info was learned
Context Effect...
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Type of perceptual processing that is supported by Gestalt Psychology
Top-Down Processing
searching for information that supports our preconceptions and ignores condradictions
confirmation bias
A more reliable way to measure intelligence in adults that can also diagnose a specific learning disability
WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)
the relatively permanent and limitless archive of the memory system.
long term memory
Forgetting due to lack of use....memories you don't use, get pruned away
Decay Theory
the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings
figure-ground
We base our "cognitive categories" or concepts on our....
Prototypes
the ability to perceive control and evaluate emotions
emotional intelligence
The act of moving info from STM to LTM by focusing on the deeper meaning of information and/or relating new information to old knowledge
Elaborative Rehearsal
Forgetting due to a failure to move information to the LTM
Encoding Failure
Gestalt Law that says we have the tendency to perceive objects that are close together as a single unit
Law of Proximity
A general "rule-of-thumb" method used by many people to solve a problem (ex: working backward to create a budget)
Heuristic
All "good" exams (including IQ tests) should have these THREE qualities....
Standardized, Reliable, and Valid
A memory-distortion phenomenon in which a person's existing memories can be altered if the person is exposed to misleading information
Misinformation Effect
when we try to retrieve a long list of words we usually recall the last words and first words best, but forget the middle of the list
serial position effect
Müller-Lyer Illusion