Perception
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, allowing us to recognize meaningful objects and events...
Perception
tendency for people to only use solutions to problems they already know work
mental set
The cognitive process of recovering stored information
Retrieval
Illustrates how our memory retention over time
The Forgetting Curve
IQ stands for
Intelligence quotient
Tendency to analyze the smaller features of an image and build up to a complete perception
Bottom-Up Processing
view problems only in their customary manner
functional fixedness
To keep information in the STM longer than 20 seconds, you must use...
Maintenance Rehearsal
Encoding failure
first method for measuring intelligence that uses a combination of mental age and chronological age...becomes less reliable as a person ages
Stanford-Binet IQ Exam
Uses prior knowledge, expectations, and experiences to interpret sensory information
Top-Down Processing
learning something new forces you to adjust your schema
accomodation
the relatively permanent and limitless archive of the memory system
long term memory
A memory-distortion phenomenon in which a person's existing memories can be altered if the person is exposed to misleading information
Misinformation Effect
A more reliable way to measure intelligence in adults that can also diagnose a specific learning disability
WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)
the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings
figure-ground
We base our "cognitive categories" or concepts on our....
Prototypes
The act of moving info from STM to LTM by focusing on the deeper meaning of information and/or relating new information to old knowledge
Elaborative Rehearsal
Misattributing a memory to the wrong source
the ability to perceive control and evaluate emotions
emotional intelligence
Gestalt Law that says we have the tendency to perceive objects that are close together as a single unit
Proximity
A general "rule-of-thumb" method used by many people to solve a problem (ex: working backward to create a budget)
Heuristic
Recalling the date of your cousin's wedding
Explicit memory
When new information disrupts recall of older information
retroactive interference
All "good" exams (including IQ tests) should have these THREE qualities....
Standardized, Reliable, and Valid