What is everything that our senses hear, see, taste, touch, and smell?
100
Unlimited
What is the capacity of Long-Term Memory?
100
When new information interferes with old information.
What is Retroactive interference?
100
The smallest distinctive unit of sound in a language.
What is a Phoneme?
100
An organized mental framework about a particular topic, event, object, idea, setting, or group of people.
What is a Schema?
200
Echoic Memory
What records auditory information?
200
Semantic Memory
What is a subdivision of declarative memory that stores memories of facts and general knowledge (like the Pythagorean theorem)?
200
When misleading or incorrect information exposure leads to distorted memories
What is the Misinformation Effect?
200
This person theorized that not only do children have an innate capacity to learn and produce speech, they also progress through the same stages at the same ages regardless of culture.
Who is Noam Chomsky?
200
Judging the likelihood of an event based on readily available personal experiences of news reports.
What is the Availability Heuristic?
300
7 plus or minus 2
How many items can be stored in Short-Term Memory?
300
Remembering information from the beginning better than the middle AND remembering information from the end better than the middle.
What is the Serial-Position Effect?
300
When information is not properly passed from STM to LTM (such as when attempting to multitask).
What is Encoding Failure?
300
Grammatical rules for putting words in order
What is Syntax?
300
The tendency to think of an object as functioning only in its usual or customary way.
What is Functional Fixedness?
400
Approximately 30 seconds
What is the duration of Short-Term Memory storage?
400
Phobias and attitudes toward groups are part of these kind of memories
What is Procedural Memory?
400
German psychologist who came up with the term "forgetting curve"
Who is Hermann Ebbinghaus?
400
Linguist who believed language influenced thought.
What are three methods of extending the capacity of Short-Term Memory?
500
A technique, developed by ancient Greek orators, in which the speaker memorizes the layout of a building and attaches key items to locations in the building.
What is the Method of Loci?
500
The "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon is a common example of this inability to pull memories from LTM.
What is retrieval failure?
500
When children apply a grammatical rule too widely and therefore create incorrect forms (like: "I holded the window closed")