Trancelike state of heightened suggestibility, deep relaxation, and intense focus. Can be used to treat pain.
What is hypnosis?
100
Stimulus (ringing bell) that produces no conditioned response prior to learning.
What is neutral stimulus?
100
Ability to distinguish between two similar stimuli. For example, a person who is fearful of poison oak leaves, but not oak tree leaves, is exhibiting this.
What is stimulus discrimination?
100
States that the opportunity to engage in a preferred activity can be used to reinforce a less-preferred activity.
What is Premack Principle?
100
Reinforcement is unpredictable because the ratio varies. For example, casino slot machines use this.
What is variable ratio schedule?
200
Splitting of consciousness into two or more simultaneous streams of mental activity.
What is dissociation?
200
Originally the neutral stimulus. When systematically paired with the unconditioned stimulus (food), the neutral stimulus (ringing bell) becomes this as it gains the power to cause a response.
What is conditioned stimulus?
200
Learning process in which behavior is shaped and maintained by consequences (rewards or punishments) that follow a response. In contrast, in classical conditioning, behavior is controlled by the stimuli that precedes the response.
What is operant conditioning?
200
Reinforcement schedule in which all correct responses are reinforced.
What is continuous reinforcement?
200
Reinforcement occurs after a predetermined time has elapsed. For example, you receive a paycheck every Friday.
What is fixed interval schedule?
300
Based upon pioneering work of Pavlov. Learning process that occurs when a previously neutral stimulus (a ringing bell) is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus (food) to elicit a conditioned response (salivation).
What is classical conditioning?
300
Learned response elicited by the conditioned stimulus.
What is conditioned response?
300
Strengthens a response and makes it more likely to occur.
What is reinforcement?
300
Technique of strengthening behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of a behavior until the entire correct routine is displayed.
What is shaping?
300
Reinforcement occurs unpredictably since the time interval varies. For example, your teacher gives unannounced pop quizzes.
What is variable interval schedule?
400
Natural stimulus (food) that reflexively elicits a response (salivation) without the need for prior learning.
What is unconditioned stimulus?
400
Gradual weakening of a conditioned behavior when conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.
What is extinction?
400
Situation in which a behavior or response is followed by the addition of a reinforcing stimulus. The stimulus increases the probability that the response will occur again.
What is positive reinforcement?
400
Rewarding of some, but not all, correct responses.
What is intermittent reinforcement?
400
Process in which a behavior is followed by an aversive consequence that decreases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated.
What is punishment?
500
Unlearned response (salivation) that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus (food).
What is unconditioned response?
500
Occurs when stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus also elicit the conditioned response. For example, a three-year-old is frightened by a white rabbit. A few days later, the same child sees a white fur coat and becomes frightened.
What is stimulus generalization?
500
Situation in which a behavior or response is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus. This increases the likelihood of a behavior by enabling a person to either escape an existing aversive stimulus or avoid an aversive stimulus before it occurs.
What is negative reinforcement?
500
Reinforcement occurs after a predetermined set of responses. For example, you are paid for every two lawns you mow.
What is fixed ratio schedule?
500
Adding an aversive stimulus that weakens a response and makes it less likely to recur.