Research Methods
Which variable is changed during an experiment?
Independent variable
When you can't remember the name of something because you're stuck elsewhere in your semantic network
Tip of the tongue phenomenon
Gap between what a child can do on their own and with support
Zone of Proximal Development
How do we test the trait personality approach?
Factor analysis in personality inventories
What are 2 examples of neurodevelopmental disorders?
ASD and ADHD
What can you NOT infer from a correlation study?
Causation
Neural basis of memory; connections are strengthened over time with repeated stimulation
Long-term potentiation
Name three traits at the pre-operational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory
Lack conservation, lack reversibility, egocentric, lack of theory of mind, animism
The belief that you can succeed
Self-efficacy
Characterized by manic episodes, usually full depressive episodes
Bipolar 1
When people lie to look good on surveys
Social desirability
Explain the serial position effect using the primacy effect and the recency effect.
Primacy effect: info is moved to long term memory
Recency effect: info is still in short term memory
Is taking away car keys a punishment or reinforcement, positive or negative?
Negative punishment
Why do group projects commonly not work?
Social loafing
characterized by excessive emotionality and attention seeking
Histrionic Personality Disorder
What is the Hawthorne Effect?
People change behavior when being watched
______active interference is when old info blocks new info. +give example
Pro
Native language interrupts learning English
When someone is actively seeking an identity but is not committed yet
Moratorium of Marcia's Identity Theory
Repeated subjection to certain stimuli increases liking of them
Mere Exposure Effect
What is the difference between acute and chronic schizophrenia?
Acute: severe episodes with normal functioning in between
Chronic: repeated episodes with decreasing functioning
What is the research method where multiple studies are combined and what is the function of this method?
Meta-Analysis; Increase sample size and examine effect sizes
Define explicit vs. implicit memory. Where are both processed?
Explicit- declarative, facts and events, hippocampus
Implicit-non-declarative, procedural, cerebellum
When you can only teach animals behaviors they already engage in. Animals will return to original behaviors with time.
Instinctive drift
-Proximity of authority figure
-Prestige of authority figure
-Distance from victim
-Role models for defiance
What neurotransmitter is associated with schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease?
Dopamine