The Bio of Behavior
This neurotransmitter is linked to the "reward system" in Unit 1 and the "Dopamine Hypothesis" for Schizophrenia in Unit 5.
What is Dopamine?
This behavioral therapy treats alcoholism by pairing the taste of alcohol with an emetic drug that causes nausea.
What is Aversion Therapy?
The tendency to search for information that supports our stereotypes while ignoring evidence that contradicts them.
What is Confirmation Bias?
This fundamental human motivation involves forming lasting relationships; a lack of this is a significant stressor for depression.
What is the Need to Belong?
This "perspective" uses Free Association to uncover unconscious conflicts from childhood that cause current disorders.
What is the Psychodynamic Perspective?
This limbic system structure regulates hunger motivation and is the starting point for the HPA axis stress response?
What is the Hypothalamus?
This type of exposure therapy uses classical conditioning to gradually replace a fear response with a relaxation response.
What is Systematic Desensitization?
This social phenomenon occurs when we believe our own opinions and behaviors are more common in the general population than they actually are.
What is the False Consensus Effect?
This psychological law states that while moderate arousal helps performance, too much stress or anxiety (Unit 5.2) can impair it.
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
Carl Rogers’ person-centered therapy requires the therapist to show this non-judgmental attitude to help a client reach self-actualization.
What is Unconditional Positive Regard?
These medications treat depression by blocking the reuptake of a specific neurotransmitter, increasing its availability in the synapse.
What are SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
This operant conditioning system, often used in institutional settings, rewards desired behaviors with items that can be exchanged for prizes.
What is a Token Economy?
This cognitive bias leads us to blame a person's "personality" for their failure while ignoring the "situational" factors.
What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?
These cultural norms dictate how we express emotions (Unit 4.7) and must be respected by therapists using "cultural humility" (Unit 5.5).
What are Display Rules?
This therapy (REBT) uses the ABCDE model to aggressively challenge and "dispute" a patient's irrational beliefs.
What is Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy?
This involuntary movement disorder is a side effect of long-term use of older antipsychotic drugs that block dopamine receptors.
What is Tardive Dyskinesia?
Albert Bandura's theory suggests we develop our personality and even certain phobias by watching and imitating others.
What is Social Learning Theory (or Observational Learning)?
This personality trait in the Big Five involves being curious and open to new ideas, which relies heavily on high-level cognitive processing.
What is Openness to Experience?
This theory suggests we feel worse off than others when we compare ourselves to people who have more than we do.
What is Relative Deprivation?
Albert Bandura's concept of "Reciprocal Determinism" explains how these three factors interact to shape personality and behavior.
What are Behavior, Internal Cognition (Personal factors), and Environment?
Biofeedback therapy (5.5) helps patients control this branch of the Autonomic Nervous System, which is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response.
What is the Sympathetic Nervous System?
Unlike systematic desensitization, this intense exposure technique involves immediately submerging a patient in their most feared stimulus.
What is Flooding?
This statistical method is used to identify clusters of related items on intelligence tests (Unit 3) and personality inventories (Unit 4).
What is Factor Analysis?
Aaron Beck’s "Triad" of depression involves negative, self-defeating thoughts about these three specific things.
What are the Self, the World, and the Future?
This modern therapy, originally for Borderline Personality Disorder, combines mindfulness with emotional regulation skills.
What is Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)?