People
The father of psychology; used structuralism and introspection to analyze the structure of the human mind
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
Observing and recording behavior in a naturally occurring setting without trying to manipulate the situation
What is naturalistic observation?
The tendency to believe that after learning an outcome one could have predicted it before; "I knew it all along."
What is hindsight bias?
Mean (average), Median (middle score), Mode (most frequently occurring)
What are the measurements of central tendency?
Studies how we learn observable responses
What is the behavioral approach?
Used functionalism to focus on the function or purpose of the mind
Who is William James?
Uses random sample and random assignment to choose participants and create groups
What is experimentation?
Overconfidence
What is humans tendency to think we know more then we do?
Measure of how spread out the numbers are around the mean
What is standard deviation?
Cognitive approach
What school of thought focuses on how we think, communicate, and remember information?
reformer for the mentally ill; helped in the founding of the first public mental hospital
A research design used to assess the relationship between variables
What is correlational research?
Hawthorne Effect
What is the change in behavior when someone is aware that they are being observed?
Descriptive Statistics
What is a statistic used to measure and describe characteristics?
Humanistic approach
Which branch of psychology emphasizes the growth and potential of healthy people?
A funtionalist; research on sensation and perception; first female to get a PhD; second female APA president
Who is Margaret Floy Washburn?
Type of experimentation when neither the participants nor the researchers know who has or has not received the treatment
What is the double blind procedure?
Confirmation Bias
What is the tendency to interpret information in a way that confirms one's own preconceptions?
A bar graph displaying a distribution of frequency
What is a histogram?
A branch of psychology studying how unconscious drives and the conscious mind conflict with each other from early childhood
What is the psychodyamic approach?
A functionalist; first APA female president; denied her degree (PhD)
Who is Mary Whiton Calkins?
What is descriptive research?
Humans are prone to perceive patterns and order over chaos, which leads to overestimating intuition and common sense.
What is Perceiving Order in Random Events?
numerical data that allows one to generalize; to infer the probability of something being true about a population from a sample
What is an inferential statistic?
Considers the influences of biology, psychology, and social-cultural factors
What is the biopsychosocial approach?