Biological Psychology
What is the main function of the central nervous system?
The main function of the central nervous system is to process and coordinate information in the body.
Define the process of encoding in memory.
Encoding is the process of converting sensory information into a form that can be stored and retrieved as a memory.
What are the stages of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development includes the stages of sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
Define social cognition.
Social cognition refers to the mental processes involved in perceiving, remembering, and interpreting social information and the ways in which people think about themselves and others.
What law allows the brain to perceive forms and figures in their complete appearance despite the absence of one or more of their parts
Name the three types of neurons found in the nervous system.
The three types of neurons are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and connector neurons.
What is the difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?
Short-term memory has limited capacity and holds information for a brief period, while long-term memory has unlimited capacity and stores information for an extended period.
Explain Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of development.
Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of development propose that individuals go through eight stages, each characterized by a unique psychosocial crisis or challenge that must be resolved.
What is the bystander effect and what factors contribute to it?
The bystander effect is the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help in an emergency situation when others are present. Factors contributing to the bystander effect include diffusion of responsibility and social influence.
What law states that the smoothest form creates the line as opposed to a rigid break-off
What is the role of neurotransmitters in neuronal communication?
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons, allowing for communication in the nervous system.
What is the capacity of working memory, according to George A. Miller?
According to George A. Miller, working memory has a capacity of approximately 7 (plus or minus 2) chunks of information.
what inhibits prenatal development by the child's inability to produce the enzyme needed for normal development and can cause intellectual disabilities
What is Phenylketonuria?
Explain the concept of conformity and provide an example.
Conformity is the tendency to adjust one's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors in response to group pressure or social norms. An example is when an individual changes their opinion to match that of the majority in a group.
What law states that we see complex images and reality in the simplest form possible.
What is pragnanz?
Explain the concept of plasticity in the brain.
Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and reorganize itself in response to experience, learning, and injury.
Describe the concept of cognitive dissonance.
Cognitive dissonance is the psychological discomfort that arises when there is a contradiction between beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. Individuals are motivated to reduce this discomfort by changing their beliefs or behaviors.
This is an environmental agent that can produce a birth defect.
What are teratogens?
Discuss the factors that influence attraction in interpersonal relationships.
Factors that influence attraction in interpersonal relationships include physical attractiveness, similarity, proximity, and reciprocity.
What states that humans perceive stimuli that are close to each other by grouping them
What is the law of proximity?
What are the major divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
What are somatic and autonomic systems?
Name the two main types of problem-solving strategies.
The two main types of problem-solving strategies are algorithms, which are systematic and step-by-step procedures, and heuristics, which are mental shortcuts or rules of thumb.
This describes someone's stages of social development: Identity v role confusion, intimacy v isolation, trust v mistrust, and autonomy v shame and doubt as a few examples
Define the fundamental attribution error and provide an example.
The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overemphasize internal characteristics (personality traits) and underestimate situational factors when explaining the behavior of others. An example is attributing someone's tardiness to laziness rather than considering the possibility of unexpected traffic.
We recognize similarities in nature and in things around us
What is the law of similarity?