Unit 1
This type of neuron carries messages from sensory receptors toward the central nervous system.
Afferent (sensory) neuron
This type of memory briefly holds incoming sensory information for a fraction of a second.
Sensory Memory
A child avoids touching a hot stove after seeing their sibling get burned. This type of learning is called what?
Observational learning
The tendency to think others are paying more attention to you than they actually are.
Spotlight effect
A psychological disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry about everyday situations.
Generalized anxiety disorder
This insulating layer surrounding the axon increases the speed of neural impulses; damage to it is associated with multiple sclerosis.
Myelin sheath
The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events that are easily recalled is known as this bias.
Availability heuristic
In operant conditioning, removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior is called this.
Negative reinforcement
Changing your behavior to match a group in order to be liked or accepted is called what?
Normative social influence
A disorder involving intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors meant to reduce anxiety.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
This brain structure regulates hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sexual behavior.
Hypothalamus
This type of memory involves skills and actions, like riding a bike, and is typically unconscious.
Procedural memory
This schedule of reinforcement provides rewards after an unpredictable number of responses.
Variable ratio schedule
A person believes they succeeded because of their ability but blames failure on external factors. This is called what?
Self-serving bias
This type of therapy focuses on changing negative thought patterns to influence behavior.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
This endocrine gland, often called the “master gland,” releases hormones that control other glands.
Pituitary gland
When people overestimate how much others agree with their own beliefs or behaviors, this bias is occurring.
False consensus effect
A child learns language best during early childhood but struggles to fully learn it later in life. This supports what concept?
Critical period
People are less likely to help in an emergency when others are present. This is called what?
Bystander effect
A person avoids leaving their house due to fear of panic in public places.
Agoraphobia
A surge in heart rate, breathing, and alertness during stress is controlled by this division of the nervous system.
Sympathetic nervous system
According to levels of processing theory, which type of encoding leads to the strongest memory retention?
Semantic encoding
When an organism stops responding to a stimulus after repeated exposure because the stimulus is no longer novel or important, this process is called what?
Habituation
The personality trait associated with being organized, responsible, and dependable is called what?
Conscientiousness
This class of medications increases serotonin levels and is commonly used to treat depression and anxiety.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)