Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Terms of the Unit
Odds & Ends
Observational & Cognitive Learning
100
This is the biological, natural behavior that is associated with a stimulus in Classical Conditioning.
What is an Unconditioned Response
100
This term in Operant Conditioning will always result in INCREASING the desired behavior.
What is reinforcement or a reinforcer?
100

Daily Double: Double your Score

Learning that can occurs from seeing the consequences someone else gets for a behavior.

What is vicarious conditioning?

100

Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by pleasant outcomes are strengthened, while those with unpleasant outcomes are weakened.

What is the Law of Effect?

100

DAILY DOUBLE: DOUBLE YOUR SCORE

Seligman’s term for the passive resignation animals and humans show after repeated unavoidable aversive events.

What is learned helplessness?

200
Pavlov's dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell being rung. At this point, the bell would be considered what?
What is a Conditioned Stimulus
200
This term in Operant Conditioning will always result in a DECREASE of the desired behavior.
What is punishment, or a punisher?
200

This schedule reinforces a desired behavior some of the time in no apparent pattern.

What is a variable interval Schedule?

200

DAILY DOUBLE: DOUBLE YOUR SCORE

These reinforcers gain value through association, like money or praise, rather than meeting biological needs.

What are secondary reinforcers?

200

A type of learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and is only demonstrated later when there is an incentive to do so.

What is latent learning?

300

DAILY DOUBLE: DOUBLE YOUR SCORE

When it was first introduced, the bell in Pavlov's experiment was considered one of these. After conditioning, it became a conditioned stimulus.

What is a Neutral Stimulus

300
When a teacher gives you an A+ because you worked hard on an essay, what form of Operant Conditioning is being used?
What is Positive Reinforcement?
300

If a test subject has been conditioned to salivate to a bell, but may also salivate to a whistle, we would consider it an example of this term.

What is stimulus generalization?

300

In a fixed interval schedule, this unique pattern appears as animals wait, then respond near reinforcement time.

What is a scalloped response pattern?

300

Mental representations of physical spaces or environments, helping individuals navigate or recall locations.

What is a cognitive map?

400
If beth gets in a car crash that results in her being conditioned to fear that specific location of the accident, what role does the accident play in Classical Conditioning?
What is the Unconditioned Stimulus
400

BEST reinforcement schedule when learning a new behavior

What is Continuous Reinforcement Schedule

400

TREMENDOUS TRIPLE: TRIPLE YOUR SCORE

A learned avoidance of a particular food after it has been associated with an unpleasant experience, like nausea.  Usually happens in one-trail learning.

What is taste aversion?

400

This type of reinforcement schedule doesn’t reward every response but makes the behavior more resistant to extinction.

What is partial reinforcement?

400

A sudden realization of the solution to a problem without trial and error, often seen in problem-solving.

What is insight learning?

500
If a dog is classically conditioned to salivate to the sound of the bell, and we remove that stimulus from the equation, what will eventually happen to the dog's conditioned response?
What is extinction. The association between the bell and salivation will weaken over time until it is forgotten entirely.
500
A reinforcement schedule. When we wait for a specific number of responses utilizing the desired behavior, we reinforce.
What is a Fixed-Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
500
In Operant Conditioning, the process of a test subject getting closer and closer to the desired behavior each time they are reinforced or punished.
What is shaping?
500

This occurs when a new neutral stimulus is linked to a previously conditioned one, creating another conditioned response.

What is higher order conditioning?

500

The part of observational learning where someone is learning from someone else -- what are the "showers" doing?

What is modeling?

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