Classical Conditioning
This is the biological, natural behavior that is associated with an unlearned stimulus in Classical Conditioning.
What is an Unconditioned Response
This term in Operant Conditioning will always result in INCREASING the desired behavior.
What is reinforcement or a reinforcer?
A mental representation we have of something.
What is Cognitive Map?
A type of classical conditioning where one learns to avoid something after associating it with and undesirable experience.
What is aversive conditioning?
Pavlov's dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell being rung. At this point, the bell would be considered what?
What is a Conditioned Stimulus
This term in Operant Conditioning will always result in a DECREASE of the desired behavior.
What is punishment?
Not reinforcing a desired behavior after each time it occurs, but rather reinforcing SOMETIMES using various types of schedules.
What is a Partial (intermittent) Schedule?
Researcher known for his classical conditioning experiment done on Baby Albert.
Who is John B. Watson?
When it was first introduced, the bell in Pavlov's experiment was considered one of these. After conditioning, it became a conditioned stimulus.
What is a Neutral Stimulus
When a teacher gives you an A+ because you worked hard on an essay, what form of Operant Conditioning is being used?
What is Positive Reinforcement?
If a test subject has been conditioned to salivate to a bell, but may also salivate to a whistle, we would consider it an example of this term.
What is generalization?
An automatic body response in classical conditioning. Could be the UCR or the CR.
What is a respondent behavior?
If Ron gets in a car crash that results in him being conditioned to fear that specific location of the accident, what role does the accident play in Classical Conditioning?
What is the Unconditioned Stimulus
When reinforcing or punishing a behavior, we utilize it every time the desired or undesired behavior occurs.
What is Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
When learning has occurred, but it may not be apparent until an incentive has been given to the test subject to demonstrate their learning.
What is latent learning?
Rewarding a desired behavior right after the behavior occurs.
What is immediate reinforcement?
If a dog is classically conditioned to salivate to the sound of the bell, and we remove that stimulus from the equation, what will eventually happen to the dog's conditioned response?
What is extinction. The association between the bell and salivation will weaken over time until it is forgotten entirely.
A reinforcement schedule. When we wait for a specific number of responses utilizing the desired behavior, we reinforce.
What is a Fixed-Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
In Operant Conditioning, the process of a test subject getting closer and closer to a more complex behavior each time they are reinforced or punished.
What is shaping?
A type of reward that can be used to obtain other types of rewards like food and water.
What are conditioned (secondary) reinforcers?
Indifference to violence after prolonged exposure to it.
What is desensitization?