The Concept of Memory
Encoding
Storage and Retrieval
Forgetting
Memory Construction
100

Any indication that learning has persisted over time

What is memory?

100
The processing of information into the memory system
What is encoding?
100
Two types of sensory memory
What is iconic and echoic?
100
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
What is repression?
100
Incorporating miseading information into one's memory of an event
What is misinformation effect?
200
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
What is flashbulb memory?
200
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
What is chunking?
200

Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection (also called nondeclarative memories)

What is implicit memory?

200

Old learning and new learning do not always compete with each other; previously learned information often facilitates our learning or new information

What is positive transfer?

200
Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. Also called source misattribution.
What is source amnesia?
300
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
What is sensory memory?
300
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
What is effortful processing?
300

explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of our two conscious memory systems (the other is semantic memory)

what is episodic memory

300
This is the part of the brain that, if damaged, could impact learned skills like riding a biking or playing a piano.
What is the cerebellum?
300

the sense that "I've experienced this before" caused by cues from the current situation unconsciously triggering the retrieval of an earlier experience

What is deja vu?

400
A newer understanding of short term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual- spatial information, and of information retrieved from long- term memory
What is working memory?
400

The two levels of processing

What is deep and shallow processing

400
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
What is mood- congruent memory?
400
an inability to retrieve information from one's past

What is retrograde amnesia?

400

a process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again

What is reconsolidation?

500
The researchers who developed the classic three- stage processing model of memory
Who are Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin?
500
Tendency to retain information more easily if we practice it repeatedly over time than if we practice it in one long session
What is spacing effect?
500
An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
What is long- term potentiation (LTP)?
500
The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
What is retroactive interference?
500

The part of the biopsychosocial model would look at the effects of rehearsal and organizational strategies on memory.

What is psychological?

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