Biological Bases of Behavior
This type of cell is responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the brain and throughout the body, allowing for communication between different parts of the nervous system.
What is a neuron?
This memory strategy involves breaking down information into smaller, more manageable chunks to enhance recall, often used for memorizing long strings of numbers or words.
What is chunking?
This type of learning, first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov, involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.
What is classical conditioning?
This theory, proposed by Abraham Maslow, suggests that individuals are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, starting with physiological necessities and culminating in the pursuit of self-actualization.
What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
This concept in health psychology focuses on how adopting positive behaviors like regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and stress management techniques can enhance both mental and physical well-being.
What is health promotion?
The branch of psychology focuses on how biological processes, including brain function, neurotransmitters, and genetics, influence thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
What is biological psychology?
This memory process involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored in the brain, helping us perceive and later recall experiences from the world around us.
What is encoding?
This concept regers to the lifelong process of acquiring knowledge and skills through both structured education and everyday experiences, highlighting the brain's ability to adapt and change at any age.
What is lifelong learning?
This phenomenon occurs when individuals adjust their behavior or thinking to align with the norms or expectations of a group, often studied in classic experiments by Solomon Asch.
What is conformity?
This branch of psychology, pioneered by Martin Seligman, focuses on the study of positive emotions, strengths, and factors that contribute to a fulfilling and meaningful life, emphasizing happiness and life satisfaction.
What is positive psychology?
The brain structure, crucial for processing and storing long-term memories, is often affected in disorders like Alzheimer's disease.
What is the hippocampus?
This type of intelligence test, often used in educational settings, measures a person's intellectual capabilities relative to their age group, but has faced criticism for cultural bias and its impact on educational opportunities.
What is the IQ (Intelligence Quotient) test?
This Swiss psychologist identified four key stages of cognitive development, explaining how children acquire, retain, and transform knowledge as they grow from infancy to adulthood.
Who is Jean Piaget?
This personality type, characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and a sense of urgency, has been linked to a higher risk of stress-related health issues, including heart disease.
What is Type A personality?
This integrated approach to mental health combines various therapeutic techniques, including mindfulness, meditation, and relaxation practices, to improve both psychological and physical well-being.
What is the holistic approach?
This part of the nervous system, often called the "fight or flight" system, activates the body's stress response, influencing both behavior and mental process in high-stress situations.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
These mental shortcuts, or "rules of thum," help us make quick judgements and solve problems efficiently but can sometimes lead to cognitive biases and errors.
What are heuristics?
As people age, this type of memory, responsible for short-term storage and manipulation of information, tends to decline, while implicit memories and well-practiced skills often remain stable.
What is working memory?
This personality theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the influence of unconscious drives and early childhood experiences on behavior and mental health.
What is psychoanalytic theory?
This type of therapy, commonly used for treating anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), involves gradually exposing individuals to feared stimuli in a controlled setting to reduce anxiety responses over time.
What is exposure therapy?
Disruptions in this natural cycle, which regulates sleep and wakefulness, can impair decision-making, slow reaction times, and alter emotional responses to stimuli.
What is the circadian rhythm?
This area of the brain, responsible for processing sensory input and integrating information, plays a key role in how we perceive and respond to stimuli in our environment.
What is the sensory cortex?
This theory of development, proposed by psychologist Erik Erikson, emphasizes how biological, cognitive, and social challenges shape personality growth across eight stages of life.
What is Erikson's psychosocial theory of development?
This psychological concept explains how behavior is influenced by both situational factors, like peer pressure, and stable personality traits, highlighting the interaction between external environments and internal dispositions
What is the person-situation debate (or interactionism)?
This therapy, developed by Aaron Beck, is based on the idea that changing negative thought patterns can improve mood and behavior, and is widely used to treat disorders like depression and anxiety.
What is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?