Disorders
A 13-year-old girl, Lily, learns in health class that vomiting is an involuntary response to illness. She watches the news one day and learns about a young women who aspirates vomit during her sleep and dies. The next day Lily packed her bag with hand sanitizer and wet wipes. She avoids all the restaurants and public parks that she used to enjoy with her family. Lily’s parents worry about her.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Which theorist emphasized that personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine, accepting, and empathic?
A) Allport
B) Jung
C) Rogers
D) Freud
E) Bandura
C) Rogers
Term for individual nerve cells
Neurons
a branch of psychology that studies the links between biological and psychological processes
Biological psychology
the experience of thinking that a new situation had occurred before
Deja vu
Bob is a 40-year old male from a wealthy background. He enjoys a lavish lifestyle that involves spending large sums of money or traveling to other countries. At other times, he also suffers from self-esteem and a lack of energy. Bob has also suffered from substance abuse and alcohol addiction.
Bipolar Disorder
Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates at school are unusually hostile. In fact, Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school. According to psychoanalytic theory, Abdul's belief that his classmates are hostile is a:
A) regression.
B) projection.
C) fixation.
D) reaction formation.
B) projection
A sophisticated X-ray that uses several X-ray cameras that rotate around the brain and combine the pictures into a detailed three-dimensional picture of the brain's structure.
CAT/CT scan
the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection
Evolutionary Psychology
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Flashbulb memory
A married woman, whose life was complicated by her mother’s living in their home, complained that she felt tense and irritable most of the time. She was apprehensive for fear that something would happen to her mother, her husband, her children, or herself. She has no definite idea what it was that she fears might happen. She suffers from occasional attacks in which her heart pounds with irregular beats; she cannot seem to catch her breath when this happens. Often, she breaks out in a profuse perspiration. Her mouth seems to be always dry, even though she drinks a great deal of water, and because of this and her diffuse anxiety she cannot sleep.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Which of the following classifies personality based on Carl Jung's personality types?
A) Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)
B) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
C) Astrology
D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
B) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
States that a neuron must either fire completely or not at all
All-or-none response
the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.
Nature-Nurture issue
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.
chunking
My breathing starts getting very shallow. I feel like I'm going to stop breathing. The air feels like it gets thinner. I feel the air is not coming up through my nose. I take short rapid breaths. Then I see an image of myself gasping for air and remember what happened in the hospital. I think that I will start grasping. I get very dizzy and disoriented. I cannot sit or stand still. I start pacing. Then I start shaking and sweating. If I feel I’m losing my mind I will flip out and hurt myself or someone else. My heart starts beating fast and I start getting pains in my chest. My chest tightens up. I become very frightened. I get afraid that these feelings will not go away. Then I get really upset. I feel no one will be able to help me. I get very frightened I will die. I want to run to some place safe, but I don’t know where.
Panic Disorder
Which of the following is true about the id, ego, and superego?
A) The ego acts as a mediator between the id and the superego
B) The superego acts as a mediator between the id and the ego
C) The id acts as a mediator between the ego and the superego
D) The superego always overrides the id and ego.
A) The ego acts as a mediator between the id and the superego
Involved in the control of our blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing; located above the spinal cord; part of the hindbrain.
Medulla
the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
Developmental Psychology
in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
repression
Margaret explained to her therapist that she often “hears a voice telling her to say things and do things.” It was, she said, “a terrible voice” that sometimes threatened to “take over completely.” When it was finally suggested to Margaret that she let the voice “take over,” she closed her eyes, clenched her fists, and grimaced for a few moments during which she was out of contact with those around her. Suddenly she opened her eyes and one was in the presence of another person. Her name, she said, was “Harriet.” Whereas Margaret had been paralyzed, and complained of fatigue, headache and backache, Harriet felt well, and she at once proceeded to walk unaided around the interviewing room. She spoke scornfully of Margaret’s religiousness, her invalidism, and her puritanical life, professing that she herself liked to drink and “go partying” but that Margaret was always going to church and reading the Bible. “But,” she said impishly and proudly, “I make her miserable – I make her say and do things she doesn’t want to.” At length, at the interviewer’s suggestion, Harriet reluctantly agreed to “bring Margaret back,” and after more grimacing and fist clenching, Margaret reappeared, paralyzed, complaining of her headache and backache, and completely amnesiac for the brief period of Harriet’s release from prison.
Disassociate Identity Disorder
Nadine has a relatively low level of brain arousal. Trait theorists would probably predict that she is:
A) an extravert.
B) an introvert.
C) an unstable person.
D) both a. and c.
A) an extravert
Neurotransmitter that controls motor movement and alertness; a lack of it is associated with Parkinson's disease while an overabundance is associated with schizophrenia.
Dopamine
the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Industrial/Organizational Psychology
The tendency to show greater memory for information that comes last in a sequence.
Recency effect