Historical Figures
Created the first psychological lab
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
Used introspection to reveal the structure of the mind
What is structuralism?
The definition of psychology
What is the science of behavior and mental processes?
Assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well-being
What is counseling psychology?
'I knew it all along.'
What is hindsight bias?
A descriptive technique in which an individual or a group are studied in depth
What is a case study?
A statistical measure of how strongly two variables are related
What is a correlation coefficient?
Numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups
What is descriptive statistics?
A student of Wundt who introduced the school of thought called structuralism
Who is Edward Titchener?
Technique used by structuralists to study the mind
What is introspection?
The study of mental processes: how we perceive, process and remember information
What is cognitive psychology?
Studies, assesses and treats people with psychological disorders?
What is clinical psychology?
An explanation using an integrated set of principles
What is a theory?
A descriptive technique of observing and recoding behavior in naturally occurring situations
What is naturalistic observation?
Perceiving a relationship where none exists
What is an illusory correlation?
A bar graph depicting a frequency distribution
What is a histogram?
First prominent American psychologist who founded Functionalism
Who is William James?
Explored how and why mental and behavioral processes function
What is Functionalism?
Darwinism spurred the discussion of this basic issue in psychology
What is nature versus nurture?
A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders
What is psychiatry?
A testable prediction
What is an hypothesis?
A descriptive technique for obtaining self-reported attitudes ir behaviors
What is a survey?
The tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back toward the average
What is regression toward the mean?
The middle score within a distribution
What is a median?
1st female president of the APA
Who is Mary Calkins?
In order for psychology to become an objective science, only studied observable behaviors
What is Behaviorism?
The study of behavior and the mind using principles of natural selection
What is evolutionary psychology?
Studies how people interact with their environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
What is community psychology?
Statement of the exact methods or operations used in a research study
What is an operational definition?
A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more variables
What is an experiment?
Two research methods that do not manipulate any variables
What are descriptive and correlational?
A representation of scores that lack symmetry around their average value
What is a skewed distribution?
1st female with PhD in psychology
Who is Margaret Washburn?
Emphasized the ways our unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior
What is Psychoanalytic Psychology?
The scientific study of human flourishing
What is positive psychology?
Studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the life span
What is developmental psychology?
A flawed sampling process
What is sampling bias?
In an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment or manipulated variable
What is the control group?
Can identify the direction of a relationship but not establish cause-and-effect
What is the correlational research method?
A symmetrical, bell-shaped representation of a distribution of scores
What is a normal curve?
Founded Behaviorism and scared Little Albert
Who is John B. Watson?
Emphasized human grown potential.
What is Humanism?
The study of our body and brain, and of how our genes and environment influence our individual differences?
What is biological psychology?
The study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another?
What is social psychology?
A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of participation
What is a random sample?
In an experiment, the factor that is manipulated
What is the independent variable (IV)?
The results of this type of study may not generalize to other contexts
What is the experimental research method?
A computed measure of how dispersed the data is in relation to the mean
What is a standard deviation?
Famed personality theorist who stressed the importance of unconscious motives
Who is Sigmund Freud?
The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking
What is social-cultural psychology?
Allied with I/O psychology, explores how people and machines interact
What is human factors psychology?
Giving potential participants enough information to enable them to decide whether to participate in a study
What is informed consent?
IN an experiment, the outcome that is measured
What is the dependent variable?
Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance
What is random assignment?
Numerical data that allow one to generalize, to infer from sample data the probability that something is true of a population
What is inferential statistics?
Founded the 3rd force in psychology: behaviorism and Psychoanalysis were the first two
Who is Abraham Maslow?
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological and social-cultural viewpoints
What is the biopsychosocial approach?
the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning?
What is educational psychology?
The postexperimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to participants
What is debriefing?
A factor other than the factor being studied that might influence a study's results
What is a confounding variable?
An experimental procedure in which neither the participants nor the experimenters are aware of which participants have received the treatment
What is a double-blind procedure?
How likely it is that a result occurred by chance
What is statistical significance?