Sensation
Sleep
Vision
Hearing
Touch and Pain
100
Darby had damage to his brain that resulted in impairment of multiple senses. He most likely experienced damage to which brain structure?
What is the thalamus?
100
When Alexus traveled to another country, she experienced jet lag and had trouble adjusting to the new time zone. Alexus’ experience is most likely linked to which of the following concepts?
What is circadian rhythm?
100
George was involved in an accident and experienced head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident?
What is the occipital lobe?
100
Hyrum is at a concert when a flute player hits a very high note at the end of a song. Which of the following best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high?
It has a short wavelength and high frequency.
100
A doctor is assessing a patient with a sensory disorder. In the first assessment, she asks the patient to touch his nose with his eyes closed. In the next assessment, she asks the patient to walk a short distance with his eyes closed. Which of the following senses is the doctor most likely evaluating?
What is kinesthesis?
200
Dr. Schmidt was interested in the relationship between sensation of a stimulus and the sensation of change in a stimulus. She tested this using sensation of weight. Participants were blindfolded and given two equal weights to hold one in each hand. With each trial, she added a slightly heavier weight to one hand than the other. The participant was asked to notify her if or when one felt heavier. She found that it was more difficult for the participants to determine the difference in the weights when the equal weights from the first trial were heavy.
Dr. Schmidt’s findings best support which of the following psychological concepts?
What is Weber's Law?
200
During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?
What is sleep apnea?
200
In vision, transduction occurs within the
What is the retina?
200
A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the
What is the location of the source?
200
12, 3, 3, 4, 8
Researchers collect data from five participants about the number of times they detected pressure applied to the back of their knee. The data are presented in the number set. What is the mean of the set of numbers?
What is 6?
300
Holly asks her brother to turn up the music he is playing so she can hear it better. He turns it up one level, and Holly asks him why he didn't turn it up like she asked. Which of the following concepts explains why Holly did not think her brother turned up the music?
The volume had not yet reached the just-noticeable difference threshold.
300
Which of the following groups of characteristics best describes the REM sleep stage?
Fast breathing, relatively high heart rate, relatively high blood pressure
300
Carrison views a movie in her home. In the figure, what letter corresponds to the nerve that carries neural impulses of the movie images from the eye to the brain?
E
300
The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's
What is the absolute threshold?
300
Alicia has a condition in which tiny crystals break loose and randomly touch and bend the hair cells in her semicircular canals. Which of the following is the most likely effect of this condition?
What is dizziness and loss of balance?
400
Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following?
What is sensory adaptation?
400
A researcher wants to examine how much information from waking life ends up in dreams. The researcher recruits 40 volunteers from a local community college to record the details of their daily activities. The participants will be given a sleep monitor that gently wakes them each time they end an REM cycle, after which they will complete a detailed dream diary. The study is planned to last for two weeks. Why would an institutional review board be hesitant to approve this study?
The researchers are disrupting sleep for an extended period, which may cause harm.
400
In the dark, an object is more clearly seen when viewed in peripheral vision than when viewed directly. This phenomenon occurs because the rods located in the retina are
more sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea
400
One theory of hearing suggests that a neuron may fire and then stop firing when a second neuron fires. The first neuron then fires again, while the second one does not. This type of sequence is then repeated in response to auditory stimuli. Which of the following describes this pattern?
What is the volley theory?
400
Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?
What is gate control theory?
500
Dr. Schmidt was interested in the relationship between sensation of a stimulus and the sensation of change in a stimulus. She tested this using sensation of weight. Participants were blindfolded and given two equal weights to hold one in each hand. With each trial, she added a slightly heavier weight to one hand than the other. The participant was asked to notify her if or when one felt heavier. She found that it was more difficult for the participants to determine the difference in the weights when the equal weights from the first trial were heavy.
What was the independent variable in this research study?
What is the heaviness of the weights?
500
Sleep researchers conducted a study to determine if wearing a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine helps individuals who are experiencing symptoms of sleep apnea to increase their levels of REM sleep compared to those not using a CPAP device.
Twenty participants with sleep apnea who did not previously wear a CPAP device were randomly placed into one of two groups. Group 1 slept without wearing a CPAP device, and researchers measured the percentage of total sleep time each participant spent in REM.
Participants in Group 2 were given a CPAP device to wear while sleeping and researchers measured the percentage of total sleep time each participant spent in REM. The results are given in the graph.
What is the independent variable in this study?
The use or nonuse of the CPAP device by participants
500
Evidence for the opponent-process theory of color vision is provided by the fact that
the eyes see negative afterimages after staring at saturated colors for several minutes
500
Dr. Handler conducted research to explore the extent to which hearing acuity changes with age. She tested the absolute threshold for hearing in 10 subjects of various ages. The results are presented in the table.
SEE CHART
Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion based on the data presented in the table?
As age increases, the ability to detect higher-pitched sounds tends to decrease.
500
Hailey is fishing on a small boat. The water is choppy, causing Hailey to lose their balance and fall onto the deck. Which of the following senses most likely contributed to Hailey’s fall?
What is vestibular?