Perception
What is the process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information?
Perception
What is the process of converting sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory?
Encoding
Which part of the brain is primarily involved in the consolidation of new memories?
Hippocampus
What is the process of bringing stored information back into conscious awareness?
Retrieval
What is the general mental ability that involves reasoning, problem-solving, and learning?
Intelligence
What does IQ stand for in intelligence testing?
Intelligence Quotient
What theory of color vision explains color blindness and is based on three types of cones?
Trichromatic Theory
Which encoding strategy involves focusing on the meaning of the information rather than its surface characteristics?
Semantic Encoding
What is the term for the process of maintaining information over time?
Storage
What term describes the inability to retrieve a memory even though the information is stored in memory?
Forgetting
What theory of intelligence suggests that there are multiple types of intelligences, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial?
Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is suppose to test
Validity
What term describes the ability to focus on one stimulus while ignoring others?
Selective Attention
What type of encoding involves the use of mental images to improve memory?
Imagery
What is the name of the memory system that can hold a small amount of information for a short period (about 15–30 seconds)?
Short term memory
What is the phenomenon in which memories are influenced by the context in which they were learned (e.g., studying in the same location as the test)?
Context-Dependent Memory
What is the term for the ability to adapt to new situations and solve novel problems, as opposed to relying on learned knowledge?
Fluid intelligence
The extent to which a test yields consistent results, regardless of who gives the test or when or where it is given.
Reliability
Which depth cue involves one object blocking another to give the perception of depth?
Interposition
Which type of rehearsal is used to keep information in short-term memory by repeating it?
Maintenance Rehearsal
In which memory store is information retained for a very long period, potentially indefinitely?
Long-term memory
What term refers to the retrieval failure when memories are distorted by misleading information, such as in eyewitness testimony?
Misinformation effect
Who is the psychologist known for developing the first IQ test, the Binet-Simon scale?
Alfred Binet
Tests that attempt to predict the test-taker’s future performance.
Aptitude Test
What is the phenomenon where the perception of an object is influenced by context or prior experience?
Perceptual Set
When an older memory disrupts the recall of a newer memory.
proactive interference
In Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory,the process of moving anxiety-producing memories to the unconscious
Repression
A means to keep mental information organized from basic concepts to specific ones
Concept Hierarchy
What is the term for the idea that intelligence can be measured by a single numerical score, often referred to as the "g-factor"?
Charles Spearman's g-factor
Developer of the most widely used individual intelligence tests in the United States, which were the first tests to report scores for both verbal and nonverbal scores
David Weschler