Neural Transmission
Chemicals
Systems
Brain
Brain
100
made up of specific structures; dendrites, cell body, axon, and terminal buttons
What is a Neuron?
100
Associated with motor movement and alertness; lack of it is associated with Parkinson's disease, an overabundance of it is associated with schizophrenia
What is Dopamine?
100
Controls the automatic functions of the human body - heart, lungs, internal organs, glands, and so on. Controls responses to stress - the fight or flight response. Divided into two categories: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
What is the Autonomic Nervous System?
100
Located at the bottom rear of the brain. Looks like a smaller version of our brain stuck onto the underside of the brain. Coordinates some habitual muscle movements, such as tracking a target with our eyes or playing the saxophone.
What is the Cerebellum?
100
Located at the top front part of the brain behind the eyes. Researchers believe this part of the brain is responsible for abstract thought and emotional control.
What are the Frontal Lobes?
200
Contains the nucleus and other parts of the cell needed to sustain its life.
What is the Cell Body or Soma?
200
Neurotransmitter associated with mood control and memory; lack of it is associated with clinical depression
What is Serotonin?
200
Mobilizes our body to respond to stress. Part of the nervous system that carries messages to control systems of the organs, glands, and muscles that direct the body's response to stress.
What is the Sympathetic Nervous System?
200
Located at the top of the brain stem. Responsible for receiving the sensory signals coming up the spinal cord and sending them to the appropriate areas in the rest of the forebrain.
What is the Thalamus?
200
Located in the frontal lobe and responsible for controlling the muscles involved in producing speech. Damage to this area might leave us unable to make the muscle movements needed for speech.
What is Broca's Area?
300
Space between the terminal buttons of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron
What is a Synapse?
300
Neurons that take information from the senses to the brain; responsible for transmitting neural impulses from the rest of the body to the brain
What are Sensory Neurons?
300
Responsible for slowing down the body after a stress response. Carries messages to the stress response system that causes the body to slow down.
What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
300
Located just above the medulla and toward the front. Connects the hindbrain with the midbrain and forebrain. Involved in the control of facial expressions and sleep regulation.
What are the Pons?
300
Process sound sensed by our ears. Sound waves are processed by the ears, turned into neural impulses, and interpreted in our auditory cortices.
What are the Temporal Lobes?
400
Wirelike structure ending in the terminal buttons that extends from the cell body
What is an Axon?
400
Associated with motor movement; lack of it is associated with Alzheimer's disease
What is Acetylcholine?
400
Controls voluntary muscle movements. The motor cortex of the brain sends impulses to this system which controls the muscles that allow us to move.
What is the Somatic Nervous System?
400
DAILY DOUBLE!!! Vital to our memory system. Located in the limbic system. Memories are not permanently stored in this area of the brain, however. Memories are processed through this area and then sent to other locations in the cerebral cortex for permanent storage.
What is the Hippocampus?
400
DAILY DOUBLE!!! Located behind the frontal lobe on the top of the brain. Contain the sensory cortex, which is located right behind the motor cortex in the frontal lobe.
What are the Parietal Lobes?
500
Fatty covering around the axon of some neurons that speeds neural impulses.
What is the Myelin Sheath?
500
Neurotransmitter associated with pain control; also involved in drug addictions
What are Endorphins?
500
All of the nerves in your body other than the brain and spinal cord nerves; all the nerves not encased in bone. This system is divided into two categories: the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems.
What is the Peripheral Nervous System?
500
Nerve bundle that connects the two brain hemispheres.
What is the Corpus Callosum?
500
Located in the left temporal lobe. Interprets both written and spoken speech. Damage to this area would affect our ability to understand language. Our speech might sound fluent but lack the proper syntax and grammatical structure needed for meaningful communication.
What is Wernicke's Area?
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