Classical Conditioning
What is the initial stage where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response
Acquisition
Any event that strengthens a behavior
Reinforcement
Reinforcement after a set number of responses
Fixed Ratio
Learning by watching others
Modeling
Learning that isn’t shown until needed
Latent Learning
When a learned response weakens because reinforcement stops
Extinction
A consequence that decreases a behavior
Punishment
Reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses
Variable Ratio
Brain cells that fire when observing actions
Mirror Neurons
A sudden realization of a solution
Insight
The reappearance of a learned response after a pause
Spontaneous Recovery
Reinforcing small steps toward a desired behavior
Shaping
Reinforcement after a set amount of time
Fixed Interval
Copying someone else’s behavior
Imitation
A mental representation of an environment
Cognitive Map
Responding similarly to stimuli that resemble the original
Generalization
A system using rewards like points or chips for behavior
Token Economy
Reinforcement at unpredictable time intervals
Variable Interval
Learning by watching others get rewarded or punished
Vicarious Reinforcement
Biological tendency to learn certain associations easily
Preparedness
The ability to distinguish between different stimuli
Discrimination
Principle that uses a preferred activity to reinforce a less preferred one
Premack Principle
Reinforcing behavior only sometimes, not every time
Partial Reinforcement
Positive, helpful behavior learned from others
Prosocial Behavior
When learned behavior shifts back to instinctual behavior
Instinctive Drift