Attribution & Attitudes
This theory explains how we infer the causes of others’ behavior, either internal (dispositional) or external (situational).
What is attribution theory?
This classic line-judging experiment demonstrated conformity.
What is Asch’s conformity study?
This psychoanalyst proposed that personality results from conflicts between the id, ego, and superego.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
This theory proposes that behavior is driven by internal drives that push us to reduce physiological needs.
This theory proposes that behavior is driven by internal drives that push us to reduce physiological needs.
According to this theory, we experience emotion after noticing our physiological arousal.
What is the James-Lange theory?
The tendency to attribute others’ behavior to internal causes rather than situational ones.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The loss of self-awareness and restraint in group situations that foster anonymity and arousal.
What is deindividuation?
Freud believed this defense mechanism involves transferring unacceptable impulses to a more acceptable target.
What is displacement?
Maslow’s model describing the order of human needs from physiological to self-actualization.
What is the hierarchy of needs?
These are the culturally learned guidelines that tell people how and when it’s appropriate to express certain emotions.
What are display rules?
When our attitudes and behaviors conflict, we experience psychological tension known as this.
What is cognitive dissonance?
People tend to exert less effort when working toward a common goal than when individually accountable.
What is social loafing?
Albert Bandura’s concept that behavior, cognition, and environment influence one another.
What is reciprocal determinism?
This theory suggests we are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal.
What is arousal theory?
The idea that facial expressions can trigger emotional feelings.
What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
The process by which exposure to a message or idea repeatedly increases liking for it.
What is the mere-exposure effect?
This experiment on obedience found that people were willing to administer what they thought were lethal shocks when instructed by an authority figure.
What is Milgram’s obedience study?
These five broad dimensions—Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism—are part of this model.
What is the Big Five trait model?
A student chooses to study psychology because they find the subject fascinating, not because it will boost their GPA. This behavior is driven by this type of motivation.
What is intrinsic motivation?
This law states that performance increases with arousal only up to a certain point, after which it declines.
What is the Yerkes-Dodson law?
This bias leads people to interpret outcomes in their favor, whereas the fundamental attribution error leads people to misjudge others’ behavior.
What is the self-serving bias?
The tendency for group discussion to strengthen the prevailing opinions of group members.
What is group polarization?
Unlike Freud’s emphasis on unconscious conflict, this approach views personality as shaped by conscious choices, free will, and the striving for personal meaning and potential.
What is the humanistic perspective
This brain structure is central to hunger regulation, with the lateral area triggering hunger and the ventromedial area signaling fullness.
What is the hypothalamus?
According to Barbara Fredrickson’s theory, positive emotions expand an individual’s momentary mindset and help them develop long-term personal resources like resilience and creativity.
What is the Broaden-and-Build Theory of Emotion?