Encoding
a memory aid for something, often taking the form of a rhyme or an acronym
What is a mnemonic?
Which of the following best describes explicit memories?
A. nondeclarative
B. processed by the cerebellum
C. acquired through classical conditioning
D. include memory for general knowledge
D. include memory for general knowledge.
the act of retrieving information or events from the past while lacking a specific cue
What is recall?
Watching a TV soap opera involving marital conflict and divorce led Andrea to recall several instances in which her husband had mistreated her. The effect of the TV program on Andrea's recall provides an example of
A. repression
B. the serial position effect
C. automatic processing
D. priming
D. Priming
The inability to remember certain episodic memories prior to our later developmental stages.
What is infantile amnesia?
The process of getting information into memory is called
What is encoding?
For example, recalling the exact circumstances when you learned about a significant world event, such as Hurricane Sandy or The Tricycle guy day.
What is flashbulb memory?
describes our tendency to remember information that is at the beginning or end of a series, but find it harder to recall information in the middle of the series.
What is the serial position effect?
The ability for our memories to be questioned, faulty, or fabricated due to subtle misleading information is known as
What is the misinformation effect?
We can encode many sensory experiences simultaneously, some automatically, because of which property of the brain?
A. Serial Positioning Effect
B. Parallel Processing
C. Explicit Memory
D. Priming
B. Parallel Processing
Effortful processing can occur only with
A. encoding
B. conscious effort
C. recall
D. implicit memories
What is conscious effort?
memory that takes conscious effort to place in our short term and long term memory.
What is explicit memory?
Sherry easily remembers the telephone reservation number for Holiday Inns by using the mnemonic 1-800-HOLIDAY. She is using a memory aid known as
What is chunking?
Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned information is initially ***think back to that chart we saw in class*** Those who learn _______ also _________.
What is rapid and subsequently slows down.
Those who learn quickly also forget quickly.
New memories disrupt the learning of old information is this type of interference.
What is retroactive interference?
This type of encoding, a type of deep processing, involves using meaning or context to store information.
What is semantic encoding?
also known as unconscious or automatic memory, which refers to the information that we do not store purposely and is unintentionally memorized
What is implicit memory?
stimuli that help people retrieve memories; can be present in the external environment, such as sounds, smells, and sights
What are retrieval cues?
Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's telephone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates this type of interference
What is proactive interference?
Processing information deeply by making meaningful connections improves retention.
A. Deep Processing
B. Shallow Processing
C. Working Memory
D. Episodic Memory
What is deep processing?
The integration of new incoming information with knowledge retrieved from long-term memory involves the activity of
What is working memory?
For a moment after hearing his dog's high-pitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the dog's yelp. His experience most clearly illustrates ________ memory.
A. Iconic
B. Sensory
C. Echoic
D. Episodic
C. Echoic
For example, if you learned something while drunk, you will have a higher chance of remembering it if you are also drunk.
What is state-dependent memory?
a form of memory loss that causes an inability to remember events from the past
What is retrograde amnesia?
the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad emotional state (mood)
What is mood congruent memory?