Principles of Research
The "I knew it all along" principle.
What is hindsight bias?
The variable that is manipulated by the researcher.
What is the independent variable?
When you tell your research participants what is going to happen in the study and why it is important.
What is informed consent?
The value of the p-value used to find significance.
What is .05?
The type of research that involves asking people questions through a written questionnaire or face-to-face discussion.
What is a survey?
When there appears to be a correlation that does not actually exist? ex: adopting a baby and then getting pregnant
What is an illusory correlation?
Any variable other than the independent variable that might contribute to the results of the study?
What are confounding variables?
When the researcher does not give the full truth about the intent of the study because it might skew the results.
What is deception?
In a normal curve with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, this percent of the population falls between a score of 100 and 130.
What is 47.5%?
The type of research in which the researcher becomes a part of the environment.
What is a naturalistic observation?
The direction of the skew when the outlier is a smaller value than the rest of the data.
What is a negative skew?
This is important for replication of studies and usually tells how the dependent variable is measured.
What is an operational definition?
Allowing your participants to back out of the study at any point.
What is the right to withdraw?
The mode of the following numbers: 1, 2, 6, 2, 7, 4
What is 2?
A study with a correlation coefficient r=.34 implies a correlation that is _________ and _______.
What is a weak, positive relationship?
When neither the participants nor the researcher knows which group got the treatment.
What is a double-blind procedure?
The group in a study that receives the treatment.
What is the experimental group?
This must be done after every study, but is especially important if people have been deceived.
What is debriefing?
The median of 1, 4, 7, 8, 10, 12,
What is 7.5?
The values in which the correlation coefficient will fall inbetween.
What is -1 and 1.
Participants have an equal chance to be assigned to either an experiment and control group.
What is random assignment?
When a group in an experiment does not receive the treatment, yet experiences symptoms like they did.
What is the placebo effect?
When conducting a study, you must not reveal any of the participants' identifying information.
What is confidentiality?
In a study with a p value of p=.07, we conclude this about the results.
What is that the results the study are likely due to chance?
This type of correlation is seen when we notice one variable increasing while the other variable decreases.
What is a negative correlation?