Vertebral Column
Bone Basics
Know Your Bones
Clinicals
Miscellaneous
100
Patient presents to the doctor a standing posture that displays an exaggerated lumbar curvature. This patient has signs of _________.
Lordosis
100
What cells are responsible for the onset of osteoporosis?
Osteoclasts
100
What are the 4 bones that comprise the leg (labeled 1-4)?
1) Fibula
2) Tibia
3) Patella
4) Femur
100
An amateur boxer has x-rays done on his right hand. Identify and name the bone(s) that have been fractured.
4th and 5th metacarpal
100
What is a joint?
Where two bones meet. Most permit a broad range of motion.
200
How many vertebrae are in the spinal column?
33 vertebrae.
200
What portion of the body is included within the axial skeleton?
Skull to tailbone (coccyx). Central to the midline. excludes appendages/limbs.
200
The pectoral girdle consists of which main two bones?
Scapula (shoulder blade) and clavicle (collarbone).
200
A 50 year old personal chef presents to the ER with complaints of lower leg pain. X-Rays reveal the patient has stress fractures in both tibias. Once the fractures heal, what lifestyle change would be best for this patient?
More exercise - walking, running, lifting.
200
Name a hinge joint.
Knee, elbow, phalanges.
300
Patient presents to the ER with severe neck pain and below average range of motion with head rotation. What part of the vertebral column is the likely culprit?
Cervical Spine: C1-C7, located in the neck.
300
List 3 primary functions or purposes that the skeletal system fulfills.
1) To provide structure/support/shape of the body in order to bear its weight.
2) Provides the framework to attach the soft tissues (i.e. organs).
3) Protects vital organs (i.e. heart, lungs etc.)
4) RBCs found in red marrow of the internal cavities of many bones which are protected by this system.
5) Provides storage outlet for calcium...Calcium helps formulate hard and resilient bones.
300
What is the primary difference between true ribs and false ribs?
The true ribs connect directly to the sternum, while the false ribs do not.
300
A bodybuilder presents to the ER with a compound fracture in their femur. Upon examination, it is discovered that the patient has early stage osteoporosis. What kind of lifestyle change would you recommend this patient?
Increase dietary calcium intake.
300
The type of joint that binds the metacarpals to the phalanges and allows us to make a fist AND spread our fingers.
Saddle joint.
400
Name that disorder!
Kyphosis.
400
The type of bone formation that fetal skulls undergo.
Intramembranous Ossification
400
Name the bones that make up the thoracic cage.
T1-T12 vertebrae + 12 pairs of ribs + sternum.
400
This birth defect results in a duplicate of which specific bone?
the 1st phalange
400
This is a human ancestor fossil from 1.7 million years ago. The discolored growth is the cancerous bone tumor. What bone cell must have been the one to cause this?
Cancerous osteoblast
500
How many sections is the vertebral column composed of? What are they?
Five (Cervical Spine, Thoracic Spine, Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx).
500
During puberty-driven bone growth, the long bones elongate from which part of the bone?
Epiphyseal plate.
Before the end of the bone (diaphysis)
500
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Based on what you know about the prefixes and root words in the disorder named above, what might this disorder be describing?
Improper formation and growth of bones by shape and density.
500
Patient has shockingly low red blood cell counts. To determine if the patient's body is correctly making blood cells, they need to obtain a sample. From which bone and which part of the bone can they take a sample from?
Femur/Humerus
Center of the bone - Spongy bone - Bone marrow
500
The arm bone that is in line with the thumb.
Radius